天津中医药  2017, Vol. 34 Issue (3): 190-194

文章信息

韩秀娣, 付于
HAN Xiu-di, FU Yu
快速老化小鼠脑组织Aβ、CypD单核苷酸多态性及“三焦针法”对其作用的研究
Research on the single nucleotide polymorphism of Aβ and CypD in brain tissue of senescence accelerated mice and the intervention effect of triple energizer techniques of needling
天津中医药, 2017, 34(3): 190-194
Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2017, 34(3): 190-194
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2017.03.13

文章历史

收稿日期: 2016-10-26
快速老化小鼠脑组织Aβ、CypD单核苷酸多态性及“三焦针法”对其作用的研究
韩秀娣1, 付于2     
1. 天津中医药大学研究生院, 天津 300193;
2. 天津中医药大学第一附属医院, 天津 300193
摘要: [目的] 研究快速老化小鼠SAMP8和同品系正常小鼠SAMR1海马、皮质神经元中淀粉样多肽蛋白(Aβ)、亲环蛋白D(CypD)差异表达是否与其基因CDS区DNA序列单核苷酸多态性(SNP)有关,以及"三焦针法"对Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列是否有干预作用。 [方法] 选取快速老化小鼠SAMP8为模型,采用PCR扩增、SNP一代测序等法比对小鼠皮质、海马组织中Aβ基因CDS区引物设计位点(17个)以及CypD基因CDS区引物设计位点(6个)的DNA序列,并观察"三焦针法"对Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列是否有干预作用。 [结果] SAMR1正常对照组、SAMP8对照组小鼠皮质、海马Aβ和CypD基因CDS区引物设计位点DNA序列均未发生SNP,针刺组小鼠皮质、海马Aβ和CypD基因CDS区引物设计位点DNA序列未发生变化。 [结论] Aβ、CypD mRNA及蛋白差异表达与其基因CDS区DNA序列SNP无关,"三焦针法"对Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列无干预作用,并推测AD的发生与Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列SNP无关,"三焦针法"并非通过改变Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列的途径实现对Aβ、CypD mRNA及蛋白含量的调节作用。
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病     单核苷酸多态性          CypD    

单核苷酸多态性(SNP),是指基因组DNA序列上群体发生频率大于1%的单个核苷酸差异。SNP最早是作为一种基因组作图的遗传标记,随着研究的进一步深入,发现其本身也可影响基因的功能。SNP可能会影响基因表达水平,影响翻译、剪接、基因的稳定性和蛋白质功能,在常见疾病的发展中具有重要功能。SNP成为遗传和生物医学研究越来越重要的工具。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)临床主要表现为记忆力减退、认知功能障碍等[1-2]。淀粉样多肽蛋白(Aβ)在细胞内外沉积是其重要病理特征[3-4],其生成异常和清除受损导致神经元死亡[5]。亲环蛋白D(CypD)与线粒体功能密切相关,在AD形成和进展中发挥重要作用[6-7]

“三焦针法”注重调节三焦所涵盖的脏腑功能,临床应用具有较好的疗效[8]。该针法能够改善痴呆鼠学习记忆能力,对痴呆鼠脑神经递质水平、脑内衰老相关基因蛋白表达等均有一定影响[9];还可调节十多种功能基因群和蛋白群的表达[10]。本课题组前期研究[6, 11-12]发现,快速老化小鼠SAMP8皮质、海马神经元中Aβ42、CypD蛋白及mRNA表达量明显上调,且“三焦针法”可下调Aβ42、CypD蛋白及mRNA含量,为进一步探讨快速老化小鼠SAMP8和同品系正常小鼠SAMR1海马、皮质神经元中Aβ、CypD差异表达是否与其基因CDS区DNA序列SNP有关,以及“三焦针法”对Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列是否有干预作用。本研究以快速老化小鼠SAMP8为模型,采用PCR扩增、SNP一代测序等法比对小鼠皮质、海马组织中Aβ基因CDS区引物设计位点(17个)以及CypD基因CDS区引物设计位点(6个)的DNA序列,并观察“三焦针法”对Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列是否有干预作用。

1 实验材料与方法 1.1 动物及分组

选取健康雄性8月龄SAMP8快速老化痴呆小鼠和SAMR1同品系正常小鼠, 随机分为SAMP8针刺组、SAMP8空白对照组、SAMR1正常对照组,每组2只。

1.2 穴位的选择和针刺

针刺组取穴膻中、中脘、气海、血海(双侧)和足三里(双侧),血海穴施捻转泻法,其余各穴分别施捻转补法,时间均为30 s。SAMR1正常对照组和SAMP8空白对照组进行相同时间和程度的捉抓。

1.3 DNA提取

分别取25~50 mg小鼠皮质、海马组织用液氮研磨成粉末,利用动物基因组DNA快速抽提试剂盒(上海生工生物工程有限公司)提取DNA,-20 ℃保存。

1.4 引物设计

根据Genebank的数据资料,进行引物设计,一个位点设计一条正向引物和一条反向引物,引物由上海Sangon公司合成, 序列如下:

Aβ-1F5′ AGCACCGGGAGCAGAGCG 3′

Aβ-1R 5′ GCCCCCCACGTCTCGAGAT 3′

Aβ-2F5′ CTGTAGCATGTATATTAGCCCAAC 3′

Aβ-2R 5′ ATCATTAGGAACCAGGATTTTTA 3′

Aβ-3F5′ TTAGAGAATAACGGAACCTTTGA 3′

Aβ-3R 5′ GGCAGTGACATGCTGATAAAAT 3′

Aβ-4F5′ GGTAAGTTCTCTGACCTCCGT 3′

Aβ-4R 5′ AGAGTGAGTACCAGGACAGCC 3′′

Aβ-5F5′ CTGGGCTGTGGCTGTAGTC 3′

Aβ-5R 5′ TATCAAATATAACTGGAGTGAGA GG 3′

Aβ-6F5′ CCTCACGCATTACCAAAGTC 3′

Aβ-6R 5′ CCTTGTGATTTTGGGGGA 3′

Aβ-7F5′ CAGGTCACCACTGGGAGGAT 3′

Aβ-7R 5′ GGTTAGTGGTAGCAACAGTGGG 3′

Aβ-8F5′ CTGCCATCATTCCCACCT 3′

Aβ-8R 5′ ACAAAACCCATGCCAAGC 3′

Aβ-9F5′ GCTCCTCTTTCACACGATTTCT 3′

Aβ-9R 5′ GGGAATCTGTGGCCTTGC 3′

Aβ-10F5′ TTAGTCACATTGGGAGGGG 3′

Aβ-10R 5′ AAGAAGTGAAGAACAAGTGAA GG 3′

Aβ-11F5′ CCCAGTCTACACATGACCTCG 3′

Aβ-11R 5′ TGGCATTTCTCCTAGCTTCTT 3′

Aβ-12F5′ GGCTGGGTATCCATTTATGA 3′

Aβ-12R 5′ GAGATACAACACCCTCACCATAG 3′

Aβ-13F5′ AAGCCCCTTTACTTCAGTGTTC 3′

Aβ-13R 5′ TCCACCAACCCACAAAATG 3′

Aβ-14F5′ TGTTAGGTGGTGCCAAGTGA 3′

Aβ-14R 5′ CACCAGGTCCTTCTCTCAAAA 3′

Aβ-15F5′ CTTGAGAAAAATCCCTAAATCC 3′

Aβ-15R 5′ TTCCCAGTAGTCCTTCTCAGTT 3′

Aβ-16F5′ ACCCACCAACTCACGCTT 3′

Aβ-16R 5′ CACAGAGGGATGTTGCTTTT 3′

Aβ-17F5′ CACGGTTGTTAAGTACTTTGGG 3′

Aβ-17R 5′ GGTTTGTTTCTTTCCACGTTAT 3′

CYPD-1F 5′ GAAGCCAGCCGACCAATA 3′

CYPD-1R 5′ TGATGCCGCCTCTTCTGA 3′

CYPD-2F5′ CATGATGCCCTGGCCTCT 3′

CYPD-2R 5′ TGCTTAGGTTGAGACTCCCATA 3′

CYPD-3F5′ GGACTCAGGAAGAGGGGCA 3′

CYPD-3R 5′ TTCATCCCCACCAGCAGC 3′

CYPD-4F5′ CTGAGGGCGAGCCTTGAG 3′

CYPD-4R 5′ GAGCTGCCTGGATGCTAACA 3′

CYPD-5F5′ GTCCCAGGATCTGCAGGTT 3′

CYPD-5R 5′ CACAGCGAGAAGCAAGCC 3′

CYPD-6F5′ TAGGCTTTCAGGGTAGTGGTG 3′

CYPD-6R 5′ CAGACTCAATAGAAGTGGGTGC 3′

1.5 CDS区引物设计位点选择

根据NCBI数据库的数据资料选取Aβ和CypD基因CDS区,选取Aβ CDS区17个引物设计位点和CypD基因CDS区6个引物设计位点。Aβ和CypD基因所选CDS区引物设计位点如下:

Aβ基因CDS区引物设计位点:395..451, 53256..53423, 70618..70747, 91065..91177, 93920..94113, 117427.. 117629, 130210..130377, 133646..133702, 143588..143721, 148456..148530, 148942..149100,158593..158721, 195668..195889, 202492..202545,208183..208283, 211085.. 211231, 218521..218622。

CypD基因CDS区引物设计位点:659..850, 1900.. 1930, 2431..2519, 4000..4096, 4693.. 4768, 5894..6029。

1.6 目的基因片段的扩增

以基因组DNA为模板,应用多聚酶链式反应(PCR)扩增Aβ、CypD目的基因片段。PCR反应体系:Taq buffer 5.0 μL,Taq酶0.5 μL(5×106 U/μL),MgCl 25.0 μL(25 mol/L),dNTP 1.0 μL(10 mol/L),上、下游引物各1.0 μL,DNA模板1.0 μL,水35.5 μL。PCR反应条件:1)95 ℃预变性3 min。2)94 ℃变性30 s,55~60 ℃退火35 s,72 ℃延伸40~50 s。3)修复延伸5~8 min,扩增35个循环。

1.7 SNP测序

利用ABI第一代测序仪,对上述PCR扩增产物进行测序。

2 实验结果

PCR反应产物测序结果见测序图谱(以模型组皮层Aβ1号引物和CypD1号引物测序图谱为例,见图 1~2)。(测序图谱使用说明:峰图文件及序列比对可用SeqMan软件打开)。

图 1 SAMP8模型组皮质Aβ1测序谱图及比对结果 Fig. 1 Sequencing spectrogram and alignment result of cortical Aβ1 in SAMP8 model group
图 2 SAMP8模型组皮质CypD-1测序谱图及比对结果 Fig. 2 Sequencing spectrogram and alignment result of cortical CypD-1 in SAMP8 model group

利用SeqMan软件分别对Aβ、CypD基因DNA测序结果进行比对,结果发现:SAMR1正常组、SAMP8对照组小鼠皮质、海马Aβ和CypD基因CDS区引物设计位点DNA序列均未发生SNP,针刺组小鼠皮质、海马Aβ和CypD基因CDS区引物设计位点DNA序列未发生改变。

3 讨论

SNP最早是作为一种基因组作图的遗传标记,随着研究的进一步深入,发现其本身也可影响基因的功能。不同类型的SNP可通过类似或不同的分子机制,分别在基因转录水平、转录后水平、翻译水平、翻译后蛋白折叠等方面对基因功能的发挥进行影响。大量研究表明个体间的遗传差异会影响其对复杂疾病的易感性,SNP已经成为复杂疾病研究的重要切入点[13]。吕小荣等[14]发现载脂蛋白E基因单核苷酸多态性能不同程度的增加轻度认知障碍和AD的发病风险。SNP在常见疾病的发展中也具有重要功能,一些研究已经确定SNP与多种常见疾病如AD、高血压、肥胖、类风湿性关节炎、冠心病等[15]有关。研究发现miR-146a前体单核苷酸多态性通过干扰miR-146a产物增加AD遗传易感性[16]

“三焦针法”是韩景献教授基于“三焦气化异常导致老年性痴呆的创新病机”所设,临床应用具有较好的疗效[8]。该针法能够改善痴呆鼠学习记忆能力,对痴呆鼠脑神经递质水平、脑抗氧化酶活性、脑内衰老相关基因蛋白表达、G蛋白信号转导等均有一定影响[9];还可调节十多种功能基因群和蛋白群的表达,包括转录和翻译因子、细胞凋亡、细胞周期、DNA修复酶类等[10]。前期研究[6, 11-12]发现,快速老化小鼠SAMP8皮质、海马神经元中Aβ42、CypD蛋白及mRNA表达量均明显上调,“三焦针法”可下调Aβ42、CypD蛋白及mRNA含量。本研究发现,SAMR1正常对照组、SAMP8对照组小鼠皮质和海马中Aβ、CypD CDS区引物设计位点DNA序列均未发生SNP,针刺组小鼠皮质、海马Aβ和CypD CDS区引物设计位点DNA序列未发生变化,说明Aβ、CypD mRNA及蛋白差异表达与其基因CDS区DNA序列SNP无关,“三焦针法”对Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列无干预作用,并进一步推测AD的发生与Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列SNP无关,“三焦针法”对Aβ、CypD mRNA及蛋白表达水平的调节作用并非通过改变Aβ、CypD基因CDS区DNA序列的途径实现的,而Aβ、CypD mRNA及蛋白差异表达以及“三焦针法”对Aβ、CypD mRNA及蛋白表达水平的调节作用机制有待于进一步研究。

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Research on the single nucleotide polymorphism of Aβ and CypD in brain tissue of senescence accelerated mice and the intervention effect of triple energizer techniques of needling
HAN Xiu-di1, FU Yu2     
1. Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China;
2. The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
Abstract: [Objective] To study the differential expression of Aβ and CypD in hippocampal and cortical neurons of senescence accelerated mice SAMP8 and the same strain normal mice SAMR1 were caused by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in their gene CDs regions, DNA sequence, and to study if the triple energizer techniques of needling has intervention effect on DNA sequence of Aβ and CypD CDs regions in hippocampal and cortical neurons of senescence accelerated mice SAMP8 and the same strain normal mice SAMR1. [Methods] Senescence accelerated mice SAMP8 was selected as the model, using PCR amplification and SNP generation sequencing method to compare DNA sequences of Aβ and CypD CDs primer design sites in their cortex and hippocampus and to observe intervention effect of triple energizer techniques of needling on DNA sequence of Aβ and CypD CDs regions. [Results] SNP were not found in DNA sequences of CDs primer design sites of SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice's cortex and hippocampus, and no changes were found in DNA sequences of CDs primer design sites of acupuncture group mice's cortex and hippocampus. [Conclusion] No relationship was found between of Aβ and cypd mRNA and protein differential expression and SNP in DNA sequence of their gene CDs regions and no intervention effect of triple energizer techniques of needling on DNA sequence of Aβ and cypd gene CDs regions. Furthermore, it is speculated that there was no relationship between the occurrence of AD and SNP in DNA sequence of Aβ and cypd CDs regions and that triple energizer techniques of needling is not by changing the DNA sequence of Aβ and cypd CDs regions to regulate mRNA and protein expression levels of Aβ and cypd.
Key words: Alzheimer's disease     single nucleotide polymorphism          CypD