天津中医药  2020, Vol. 37 Issue (12): 1363-1367

文章信息

周笑漪
ZHOU Xiaoyi
葛根芩连汤联合利拉鲁肽对肥胖2型糖尿病湿热困脾证的临床疗效
Efficacy of Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with liraglutide in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetes(T2DM) of dampness accumulation in spleen syndrome
天津中医药, 2020, 37(12): 1363-1367
Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020, 37(12): 1363-1367
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2020.12.09

文章历史

收稿日期: 2020-06-10
葛根芩连汤联合利拉鲁肽对肥胖2型糖尿病湿热困脾证的临床疗效
周笑漪     
湖北省中医院内分泌科, 武汉 430061
摘要:[目的] 探讨葛根芩连汤联合利拉鲁肽治疗肥胖2型糖尿病(T2DM)湿热困脾证的临床疗效。[方法] 选取90例肥胖型T2DM证属湿热困脾的患者,随机分为对照组和联合组,各45例,对照组给予利拉鲁肽治疗,联合组在此基础上给予葛根芩连汤,治疗12周后比较两组患者治疗前后体质量(W)、体重指数(BMI)、血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂、肝功能、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、中医症状积分。[结果] 治疗前两组患者各项指标无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后两组指标均较治疗前改善,联合组改善血糖、HbA1c、血脂、HOMA-IR及中医证候评分较对照组更显著(P < 0.05),而对W、BMI及肝功能的改善与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组有3例恶心伴腹泻,5例厌食,2周后好转,均可耐受并在治疗4周后缓解,联合组出现2例厌食,2周后好转,组间不良反应有统计学差异(P < 0.05)。[结论] 葛根芩连汤联合利拉鲁肽对肥胖T2DM湿热困脾证患者降低W、BMI、改善肝功能作用与利拉鲁肽相当,但对于血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗和中医证候评分的改善优于单用利拉鲁肽,而且联合用药组不良反应显著低于对照组,使患者依从性更佳,值得临床推广。
关键词利拉鲁肽    葛根芩连汤    肥胖    2型糖尿病    湿热困脾证    

2型糖尿病(T2DM)是一个重要的全球公共卫生问题,预计到2035年,将有超过5亿人罹患T2DM[1]。而且,肥胖和超质量糖尿病患者较体质量(W)正常者发生冠心病、脑卒中、心血管疾病的危险性更大,全因病死率更高[2]。因此,对肥胖糖尿病进行治疗时,选择药物需考虑到减质量、增强胰岛素敏感性以及改善血脂等方面的作用[3]。胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)类似物利拉鲁肽能够以葡萄糖依赖方式促进胰岛素的分泌[4],减慢胃排空和抑制胰高糖素生成[5],从而发挥血糖依赖性的降糖作用,还具有减质量[6]和改善血脂作用[7]。然而,利拉鲁肽减慢胃排空作用常引起明显的厌食、脘腹胀满等胃肠道反应。葛根芩连汤出自张仲景《伤寒论》,多个研究表明,其能够协助西药改善胰岛素敏感性[8-9]和调节血糖。本研究应用葛根芩连汤联合利拉鲁肽,观察其治疗肥胖T2DM证属湿热困脾证患者的疗效。

1 资料和方法 1.1 研究对象

选取湖北省中医院2016年10月—2018年10月收治的T2DM合并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NAFLD)患者90例。

1.2 纳入标准

糖尿病诊断参照2017版《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》的糖尿病诊断标准,肥胖诊断标准按世界卫生组织(WHO)提出的亚洲人W分级标准体重指数(BMI)≥25 kg/m2;中医湿热困脾证诊断参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》[10]中主症:形体肥胖、脘腹胀满、口渴、食少纳呆、大便溏、舌红苔黄腻;次症:肢体困重、心胸满闷、小便赤黄、脉滑数。主症符合3个或主症2个兼次症2个以上,结合舌脉作出诊断。

1.3 排除标准

1)严重心、肝、肾功能不全、感染性疾病、急性心脑血管意外者。2)1型糖尿病、合并急性并发症或3期以上慢性并发症的T2DM患者。3)不满18岁或大于75岁者、孕产妇、合并其他内分泌疾病,如甲状腺疾病、肾上腺疾病、多囊卵巢综合征者。4)对该药物过敏或服用其他影响本研究药物者。

1.4 分组及一般资料

将入组者随机平均分为对照组和联合组(通过随机序列数编号,按序号单双分组),每组各45例。试验过程中,无患者脱落。联合组男26例,女19例,年龄(44.2±8.2)岁,病程(12.5±6.4)年;对照组男22例,女23例,年龄(46.1±7.8)岁,病程(11.4±5.4)年。两组性别、年龄及病程长度组间比较采用独立样本t检验,无明显统计学差异(P > 0.05),具有可比性。患者均知情同意,自愿加入该研究。

1.5 方法

两组患者均予以糖尿病饮食及运动指导,入组前4周停用影响血脂药物,第1周均给予利拉鲁肽(丹麦诺和诺德公司)0.6 mg每日1次皮下注射,第2周起对照组给予利拉鲁肽1.2 mg每日1次皮下注射;联合组在对照组治疗基础上给予葛根芩连汤口服,方药组成:葛根24 g,黄芩9 g,黄连9 g,甘草6 g。药物由湖北省中医院中药房提供,由湖北省中医院煎药室煎制。每日两次温服,两组均治疗12周。

1.6 观察指标及疗效判定标准

两组患者分别于治疗前后测量W、BMI,并于入院24 h内抽取静脉血测定肝功能[血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)]、血脂[胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]、血糖[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、胰岛素(INS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),计算HOMA-IR值(FBG×空腹INS/22.5)。其中血糖、血脂、肝功能采用日立7600型全自动生化分析仪测定、胰岛素采用全自动免疫分析仪测定、HbA1c采用离子交换层析法测定。同时进行中医症状评分。按照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》湿热困脾证,针对脘腹胀满、食少腹胀、便溏不爽、心胸满闷、肢体困重、舌红苔黄腻及脉滑数6项进行症候评分,按无、轻度、中度、重度分别记为0、2、4、6分,分值高代表程度重。

1.7 统计学方法

采用SPSS 23.0统计软件处理数据,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,组内比较采用配对t检验,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。计数资料用构成比或率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 两组治疗前后W、BMI、HOMA-IR、肝功能比较

两组治疗前W、BMI、HOMA-IR、ALT、AST、GGT比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),治疗后两组指标较治疗前均显著改善(P < 0.05),联合组与对照组比较HOMA-IR改善程度更优(P < 0.05),而W、BMI、肝功能与对照组改善程度差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),见表 1

表 1 两组治疗前后W、BMI、HOMA-IR、肝功能比较(x±s Tab. 1 Comparison of W, BMI, HOMA-IR and liver function before and after treatment between two groups(x±s)
2.2 两组治疗前后血糖和血脂改善情况对比

治疗前两组FBG、2 h BG、HbA1c、TC、TG及LDL-C比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),治疗后两组血糖、HbA1c及血脂均显著改善(P < 0.05),且治疗后联合组FBG、2 h BG、HbA1c、TC、TG及LDL-C改善情况优于对照组(P < 0.05),见表 2

表 2 两组治疗前后血糖、HbA1c及血脂比较(x±s Tab. 2 Comparison of blood glucose, HbA1c and blood lipid before and after treatment between two groups(x±s)
2.3 两组治疗前后中医症状积分比较

治疗前两组的中医症状积分无统计学意义(P > 0.05),治疗后两组中医症状积分均较治疗前显著降低(P < 0.05),而联合组中医症状积分显著优于对照组(P < 0.05),见表 3

表 3 两组治疗前后中医症状积分比较(x±s Tab. 3 Comparison of TCM syndrome scores before and after treatment between two groups(x±s)
2.4 不良反应

对照组治疗中有3例患者出现恶心伴随腹泻,5例厌食,均可耐受,4周后缓解。联合组出现2例厌食。两组均未观察到低血糖反应。两组不良反应有统计学差异(χ2=4.050,P=0.044 < 0.05)。

3 讨论

T2DM与肥胖关系密切。肥胖使游离脂肪酸和葡萄糖增加,导致胰岛素分泌增加,且肝脏、肾脏、肌肉等组织对胰岛素清除能力下降而导致高胰岛素血症[11]。此外,肥胖者胰岛素抑制肝糖输出作用下降、促进脂肪和肌肉利用葡萄糖能力受损,对胰岛素作用产生抵抗[12],而伴随肥胖而来的血脂异常会加重胰岛素抵抗[13]

GLP-1是一种肠促胰岛素激素,可增加胰岛素分泌[4],抑制胰高糖素分泌并减慢胃排空[5],但半衰期短,进入循环后马上被DPP4酶降解。利拉鲁肽性质稳定,与GLP-1有97%序列一致,具有良好降糖有效性和安全性[14],且具有显著减质量作用[15]。研究发现利拉鲁肽具有降低肝糖生成,改善肝脏胰岛素抵抗,减少外周脂肪分解,降低游离脂肪酸浓度的作用[16]。然而,利拉鲁肽的胃肠道不良反应较为显著,其可能的机制为利拉鲁肽减慢胃排空而导致胃扩张,引起恶心和厌食,不良反应常在药物增加剂量时发生[17],易导致患者依从性下降。

T2DM属中医“消渴”范畴,现代人由于多食少动,喜食肥甘,昼夜颠倒,导致脾失运化,湿聚困脾,《名医指掌》云:“人惟酒色是耽,嗜食辛辣浓味……而三消之病生焉”,湿热困脾证为消渴常见证型[18]。葛根芩连汤源自《伤寒论》,原用以治疗湿热所致腹泻,但古代医家即对其应用范围进行了扩大,陆九芝云“葛根芩连一方独见遗于阳明者……孰不知此方之所用者宏,而所包者广也”。近年来,对于葛根芩连汤用于糖尿病,特别是湿热证的疗效甚佳。多个研究发现葛根芩连汤具有保护β细胞,改善胰岛素敏感性的作用[19-20]。对动物模型的研究发现,葛根芩连汤可通过抑制炎症因子释放[21]、激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ上调脂联素和葡萄糖转运蛋白4来调节糖代谢,改善脂肪组织胰岛素抵抗[22]。方中葛根的主要成分葛根素能通过减轻氧化应激损伤,保护端粒长度来抑制β细胞凋亡,同时还可阻止蛋白质糖基化进程、减少糖基化终末产物的生成,从而降低血糖[23];黄芩的主要有效成分黄芩苷能通过激活P38MAPK/PGC-1α/GLUT4和AKT/AS160/GLUT4信号通路改善胰岛素抵抗[24];黄连的有效成分小檗碱能抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及游离脂肪酸(FFA)的表达,改善胰岛素抵抗[25],并同时具有改善血脂及抗炎作用[26]。先贤有云,“药有个性之特长,方有合群之妙用”,葛根芩连汤方中,葛根为君药,归肺胃经,生津止渴,升阳止泻,黄连黄芩为臣药,黄连清胃肠湿热,黄芩兼能清肺胃实热。甘草和中调味,顾护脾胃,兼可生津。全方共奏清热燥湿、醒脾生津之功效。

本研究应用葛根芩连汤联合利拉鲁肽治疗肥胖2型糖尿病,在改善W、BMI和肝功能方面与利拉鲁肽单药效果相当,但对于血糖、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、血脂和中医症状积分的改善显著优于利拉鲁肽单药,对照组出现3例恶心伴腹泻,5例厌食,而联合组出现2例厌食,不良反应显著低于对照组。由此推断葛根芩连汤不仅能协同利拉鲁肽发挥改善胰岛素敏感性、降低血糖和调节血脂的作用,而且能显著改善临床症状和减轻利拉鲁肽的胃肠道不良反应。

综上所述,葛根芩连汤联合利拉鲁肽治疗肥胖T2DM湿热困脾证患者比单用利拉鲁肽疗效更好,可以更显著改善血糖、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、血脂和中医症状积分在内的多项指标,而且能显著降低利拉鲁肽引起的胃肠道不良反应,值得临床推广。

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Efficacy of Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with liraglutide in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetes(T2DM) of dampness accumulation in spleen syndrome
ZHOU Xiaoyi     
Endocrine Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the efficacy of Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with liraglutide in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetes(T2DM) of dampness accumulation in spleen syndrome. [Methods] A total of 90 obese T2DM patients of damp accumulation in spleen syndrome were selected and divided into 2 groups and each group has 45 patients randomly. Then control group received liraglutide, while the combination group received Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with liraglutide.Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Before and after the treatment, the body weight(W), body mass index(BMI), blood glucose(FPG, 2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), blood lipid(TC, TG, LDL-c), liver function(ALT, AST, GGT), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scores were monitored and compared. [Results] Before the treatment, there were no significant differences between groups of the indexes above, after the treatment of 12 weeks, all the indexes were superior than before, while the blood glucose, HbA1c, blood lipid, HOMA-IR and TCM symptom scores of the combination group were better than those of the control group.Meanwhile the differences of the W, BMI, liver function between the groups were not significant (P>0.05). There were three patients suffered from nausea accompanied with diarrhea and five with anorexia in the control group, while only two patients with anorexia were discovered in the combination group, the difference was significant(P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with liraglutide has equivalent effect with liraglutide single use in the amelioration of the W, BMI, liver function in obese T2DM of dampness accumulation in spleen syndrome, while the blood glucose, HbA1c, blood lipid, insulin resistance and TCM symptom scores of the combination group were superior to the control group. Furthermore, the combination group had less side effects than the control group. therefore, it is worthy of clinical recommendation.
Key words: liraglutide    Gegen Qinlian Decoction    obesity    type 2 diabetes    dampness accumulation in spleen syndrome