天津中医药  2021, Vol. 38 Issue (7): 863-867

文章信息

张凯旋, 耿巍, 田祥, 张旗, 王潇, 宋伟丽
ZHANG Kaixuan, GENG Wei, TIAN Xiang, ZHANG Qi, WANG Xiao, SONG Weili
常规治疗联合芪参益气滴丸治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察
Observation on curative effects of conventional treatment combined with Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill in treating chronic heart failure of coronary heart disease
天津中医药, 2021, 38(7): 863-867
Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021, 38(7): 863-867
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2021.07.11

文章历史

收稿日期: 2021-03-26
常规治疗联合芪参益气滴丸治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察
张凯旋 , 耿巍 , 田祥 , 张旗 , 王潇 , 宋伟丽     
保定市第一中心医院心血管内科, 保定 071000
摘要:[目的] 观察芪参益气滴丸治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。[方法] 入选2017年9月—2018年12月就诊于保定市第一中心医院的冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者300例,将其按随机数字表法随机分为对照组(150例,常规治疗)和试验组(150例,常规治疗+芪参益气滴丸),观察两组患者治疗前、治疗6个月、治疗12个月后左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDd)、血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平以及不良心血管事件的发生情况。[结果] 最终291例患者纳入研究,其中试验组147例,对照组144例。比较两组患者在治疗6个月、12个月时LVEF、LVEDd、NT-proBNP水平,试验组和对照组的LVEF、LVEDd、NT-proBNP均较治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);试验组的LVEF、LVEDd、NT-proBNP的改善程度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);随访12个月后,试验组的因心血管疾病再住院率(25.9%)明显低于对照组(42.4%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),不良心血管事件总发生率(29.3%)显著低于对照组(47.2%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。[结论] 西医常规治疗联合芪参益气滴丸可以改善冠心病慢性心力衰竭的心功能、降低患者因心血管疾病再住院率及不良心血管事件的总发生率,值得临床推广。
关键词芪参益气滴丸    冠心病    心力衰竭    心功能    

心力衰竭是一种发病率及病死率都很高的临床综合征,其病因中冠心病和高血压占大多数,尤其是冠心病心肌梗死后存活的患者,随着医疗技术的发展,心肌梗死患者的存活率明显提高,导致冠心病后心力衰竭的发病率也随之明显升高。有流行病学调查研究显示[1],因冠心病导致心力衰竭的患者约占心力衰竭患者总人数的55.7%。随着人们生活方式的改变,冠心病的发病率呈逐年升高的趋势,当合并慢性心力衰竭时,其长期预后差。本研究主要探讨在西药常规治疗的基础上加用芪参益气滴丸治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。现报道如下。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

入选2017年9月—2018年12月就诊于保定市第一中心医院心血管内科的冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者300例,将其按随机数字表法随机分为对照组150例和试验组150例,对照组采用西药常规治疗,试验组在常规治疗的基础上加用芪参益气滴丸。两组患者基线资料比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。见表 1。本研究经本院伦理委员会批准(伦理批件号[2017]077号),患者或其家属均签署知情同意书。

表 1 两组患者基线资料比较 Tab. 1 Comparison of baseline data of patients between two groups
1.2 诊断标准

参照《中国心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南2014》[2],根据患者既往冠心病病史,结合临床症状、体征及影像学检查进行诊断;参照2014《慢性心力衰竭中医诊疗专家共识》[3],中医辨证分型为气虚血瘀证者。

1.3 纳入标准

1)年龄18岁至80岁。2)纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级Ⅱ-Ⅳ级。3)结合既往病史及影像学检查,临床判断为冠心病所致慢性心力衰竭。

1.4 排除标准

1)心肌梗死后血流动力学不稳定的急性心力衰竭。2)高血压性心脏病,瓣膜性心脏病,先天性心脏病,扩张性心肌病,心包疾病。3)严重的肝肾功能不全。4)合并血液、神经、呼吸、消化或内分泌等系统的严重疾病,肿瘤患者及精神病患者。5)正在服用与芪参益气滴丸成分相似的中药或中成药。6)妊娠、哺乳期妇女。7)依从性差的患者。

1.5 治疗方法

对照组参照《冠心病合理用药指南》[4]及《中国心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南2014》[2]根据患者病情应用抗血小板药物、硝酸酯类药物、他汀类药物、β-受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)、螺内酯、利尿剂等;试验组在上述治疗的基础上加用芪参益气滴丸(天士力制药集团股份有限公司生产,国字准号Z20030139)口服,餐后0.5 h服用,每次1袋,每日3次,4周为1个疗程,长期服用。

1.6 观察指标 1.6.1 疗效评价指标

左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDd)测定方法:采用美国GE公司Vivid E9型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,根据指南推荐使用改良Simpson法测量,由同一位超声科医生测量3次取平均值。血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)测定方法:采取空腹肘静脉血,使用罗氏公司(Roche)生产的试剂盒罗氏602进行测定,正常值小于125 pg/mL。

1.6.2 安全性指标

监测试验组患者服药期间的血常规、尿常规、肝肾功能、电解质以及有无不良反应等。

1.6.3 不良心血管事件

记录两组患者心源性死亡、因心血管疾病再住院、恶性心律失常的发生情况。

1.7 统计学分析

采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件对所得数据进行统计学分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;重复测量设计资料的比较采用重复测量方差分析。计数资料采用构成比或率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 病例完成情况

入选300例患者,随访过程中试验组失访3例,对照组失访6例,最终291例完成试验,其中试验组147例,对照组144例。

2.2 两组患者基线用药情况的比较

对照组和试验组的基线用药情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表 2

表 2 两组患者基线用药情况比较 Tab. 2 Comparison of baseline medication of patients between two groups
2.3 两组患者治疗前后LVEF、LVEDd、NT-proBNP的比较

对照组和试验组的LVEF、LVEDd、NT-proBNP在治疗前、治疗6个月、治疗12个月3个时间点两两比较都有统计学差异(P < 0.05)。两组患者治疗前3项指标的比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两组患者在治疗6个月及12个月后,试验组的LVEF均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);试验组的LVEDd、NT-proBNP均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 3

表 3 两组治疗前后LVEF、LVEDd、NT-proBNP的比较(x±s Tab. 3 Comparison of LVEF, LVEDd, NT-proBNP between two groups before and after treatment(x±s)
2.4 两组患者不良心血管事件发生率比较

两组心源性病死率及恶性心律失常发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);试验组因心血管疾病再住院率(25.9%)明显低于对照组(42.4%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);试验组的不良心血管事件总发生率(29.3%)显著低于对照组(47.2%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 4

表 4 两组患者发生不良心血管事件比较 Tab. 4 Comparison of the adverse cardiovascular events of patients between two groups
2.5 安全性观察

试验期间未发现与芪参益气滴丸明显相关的严重不良反应,且血常规、尿常规、肝功能、肾功能、电解质未见明显异常改变。仅有2例患者诉服药后上腹部不适,未影响后续研究。

3 讨论

近30年来,心力衰竭的主要病因已从风湿性心脏瓣膜病转为冠心病[5],且冠心病引起的心力衰竭病死率明显高于因其他病因引起的心力衰竭病死率[6]。有研究表明心肌梗死后心室重构,即梗死区膨隆(IE)和整体心室扩张(GVD)共同促使了心力衰竭的发生发展[7],其机制为心肌细胞数量的减少、细胞外基质及胶原纤维网的变化,基质金属蛋白酶、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β、内皮素、一氧化氮等因子同样参与心肌重塑的过程,并促进心肌的纤维化[8],心肌梗死恢复期过后发生的心力衰竭多与GVD过程中的心肌肥厚有关。当到达心肌肥厚晚期,心肌细胞营养供给相对不足,产生严重的心肌间质纤维化,心脏收缩和舒张功能均严重受损,导致慢性心力衰竭发生[9],所以为了延缓冠心病后慢性心力衰竭的发生发展,尽早的治疗干预,对改善患者的远期预后有重要意义。虽然随着心力衰竭治疗理念的改变,心力衰竭的病死率和再住院率较过去有所下降,但心力衰竭患者的整体预后仍较差。国外研究显示,日本的心力衰竭患者1年和3年病死率分别为11.3%和29.2%[10];美国70岁以上的心力衰竭患者1年内病死率可达22% [11]。中国有小规模临床研究显示,老年心力衰竭患者1年内再住院率为19.2%,病死率为6.8%,2年内再住院率为35.6%,病死率为20.5%[12]。因此心力衰竭的治疗有待于更深入的研究,需发掘更有效的抗心力衰竭药物。

近年来,随着中医学治疗心力衰竭的发展,具有益气活血化瘀功效的中成药被广泛应用于心力衰竭的治疗。芪参益气滴丸是提取黄芪、丹参、三七、降香中的有效成分后制成的一种中成药。其中黄芪甲苷是黄芪的主要活性物质[13],有研究表明[14],黄芪甲苷可以使心肌细胞内Ca2+降低,从而保护肥大的心肌细胞。还可通过下调磷酸化缝隙连接蛋白43的表达,发挥抑制心肌细胞凋亡的作用[15-16]。丹参的主要化学成分为丹参酮类及丹酚酸类。有研究通过建立家兔心肌梗死模型发现丹参酮ⅡA可促进缺血区心肌血管内皮细胞的再生,抑制缺血再灌注损伤造成的脂质过氧化反应,减轻心肌血管内皮炎症,从而起到保护心脏的作用[17]。有动物实验发现丹酚酸类可以通过调节介导和细胞凋亡相关的基因(主要为CXC趋化因子受体-4和B淋巴细胞瘤-2家族)表达,有效改善大鼠的心脏功能[18]。三七的含量最高的成分为三七总皂苷(PNS),有研究显示PNS可降低心肌细胞Ca2+的浓度、抑制心肌间质细胞胶原含量的增加,从而抑制心肌肥厚,延缓心肌重塑[19]。氧化应激的过度激活是心肌重构和心力衰竭发展恶化的重要因素。降香可通过降低氧化应激抑制线粒体分裂和使细胞内cAMP含量增加,扩张外周血管,降低心脏后负荷,从而改善心肌重构并增强心脏功能[20-21]。有动物实验研究发现芪参益气滴丸可以通过抑制胶原沉积、基质蛋白的降解及心脏成纤维细胞、肌成纤维细胞增殖、分化,改善心肌梗死后大鼠心脏收缩与舒张功能[22]。综上,芪参益气滴丸可以通过多途径、多靶点治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭。目前,已有临床试验表明,在西药常规治疗的基础上加用芪参益气滴丸治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭可以改善患者心功能、提高临床疗效、增加运动耐量及降低血浆NT-proBNP水平[23-24],但随访时间偏短,本临床试验随访时间延长,评价芪参益气滴丸对冠心病心力衰竭长期预后的影响,结果显示:试验组的LVEF、LVEDd、NT-proBNP的改善程度均优于对照组;试验组的因心血管疾病再住院率及不良心血管事件的总发生率明显低于对照组,且未见与芪参益气滴丸明显相关的严重不良反应。

综上所述,西药常规治疗联合芪参益气滴丸有助于改善冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能,降低因心血管疾病再住院率及不良心血管事件的总发生率,且有良好的安全性,值得在临床上推广应用。

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Observation on curative effects of conventional treatment combined with Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill in treating chronic heart failure of coronary heart disease
ZHANG Kaixuan , GENG Wei , TIAN Xiang , ZHANG Qi , WANG Xiao , SONG Weili     
Department of Cardiovascular, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
Abstract: [Objective] To observe the clinical effects of QishenYiqi Dropping Pill in treating chronic heart failure of coronary heart disease. [Methods] A total of 300 patients with chronic heart failure of coronary heart disease in Baoding First Central Hospital from September 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into control group (n=150, routine treatment) and experimental group (n=150, routine treatment combined with Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events were observed before treatment, 6 months after treatment and 12 months after treatment. [Results] Finally, 291 patients were included in the study, including 147 cases in the experimental group and 144 cases in the control group. The levels of LVEF, LVEDd and NT-proBNP in the two groups were compared at 6 months and 12 months after treatment, the LVEF, LVEDd and NT-proBNP in the experimental group and the control group were improved compared with those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The improvement degree of LVEF, LVEDd and NT-proBNP in the experimental group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After 12 months' follow-up, the readmission rate of the experimental group due to cardiovascular disease (25.9%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (42.4%), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). And the total incidence of adverse cardiovascular events (29.3%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (47.2%), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Conventional Western medicine combined with Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill can improve the heart function of patients with coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure, and reduce the rate of rehospitalization due to cardiovascular disease and the overall incidence of adverse heart failure events. It is worthy of clinical application.
Key words: Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill    coronary heart disease    heart failure    cardiac function