天津中医药  2022, Vol. 39 Issue (1): 84-86

文章信息

李晴, 赵志强, 王贤良
LI Qing, ZHAO Zhiqiang, WANG Xianliang
毛静远教授辨治阵发性心房颤动验案1则
A case of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated by Professor MAO Jingyuan based on syndrome differentiation
天津中医药, 2022, 39(1): 84-86
Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 39(1): 84-86
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2022.01.20

文章历史

收稿日期: 2021-09-22
毛静远教授辨治阵发性心房颤动验案1则
李晴1,2 , 赵志强1,2 , 王贤良1,2     
1. 天津中医药大学第一附属医院心血管科, 天津 300381;
2. 国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心, 天津 300381
摘要:阵发性心房颤动是临床上常见的心律失常,部分患者存在单纯西药不耐受、非药物治疗后复发、手术费用高等问题。毛静远教授认为阵发性心房颤动属本虚标实之证,阴虚是房颤发生发展的始动环节,标实以痰瘀为主,常兼热证,应以养阴活血,化痰清热为法,现将其辨治经验总结如下,供同道参考。
关键词阵发性心房颤动    养阴活血    化痰清热    中西医结合    

阵发性心房颤动(简称阵发性房颤)是临床上常见的心律失常,约18%的阵发性房颤在4年内发展为持续性房颤[1]。尽管当前采用药物、导管消融及外科手术治疗等手段为房颤患者改善症状、减少并发症甚至彻底治愈提供了更多可能,但部分患者仍存在药物不耐受、非药物治疗后复发、手术费用高[2-5]等问题。经过规范治疗后,部分患者房颤仍反复发作带来的焦虑、血栓风险增加等问题严重影响了患者的生活质量及预后,此时辨证加载中医药具有维持窦性心律、改善生活质量等潜在优势[6-8]

毛静远教授在长期的临床诊治中发现此类患者证候特征以阴虚为本,痰、瘀、热为标,采用养阴活血,化痰清热法治疗后,房颤发作频率可明显减少,生活质量显著提高。在此报告阵发性房颤典型验案1例,以期能够提供借鉴。

1 典型病案

患者男性,58岁,主因心慌间作2年余,加重伴憋气1周,于2019年5月8日就诊。

患者2年前无明显诱因出现心慌、汗出,于外院诊断为“心房颤动伴快速心室率”。此后症状间断出现,发作频率每年2~4次,发作时心率90~110次/min,口服西药可转复为窦性心律(60~80次/min),平常规律服用酒石酸美托洛尔片12.5 mg,每日2次。1周前患者无明显诱因自觉心慌加重,伴憋气,于外院查心电图示心房颤动,心脏彩超示左房前后径45 mm,右房内径46 mm,左室舒张末期前后径46 mm,左室射血分数59%,二、三尖瓣轻度返流,各室壁厚度及运动未见明显异常,予口服某西药后症状缓解,后加服盐酸胺碘酮片0.2 g,每日3次;华法林钠片2.5 mg,每日1次。就诊当日患者再次出现心慌、憋气,于外院查心电图示心房颤动,监测国际标准化比值2.66,建议行导管消融术,患者拒绝,为求中医治疗求治于本院门诊。刻诊症见:神清,精神可,口唇紫暗,心慌间作伴憋气,夜间可平卧,平素易乏力出汗,汗多而黏,时有口干口苦,纳可,小便调,大便质黏。舌红苔黄腻少津,脉细结。查体:血压115/88 mm Hg(1 mm Hg≈0.133 kPa,下同),心率76次/min,律绝对不齐,双肺未闻及明显干湿啰音,双下肢不肿。既往中度睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征病史1年余,夜间需佩戴睡眠呼吸机治疗;甲状腺结节1年余。否认高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病、甲状腺功能亢进症、高脂血症病史。母亲房颤病史。平素常熬夜,嗜食辛辣。

西医诊断:阵发性心房颤动;中医诊断:心悸,阴虚痰热血瘀证。考虑患者非瓣膜病性房颤卒中危险积分(CHA2DS2-VASc)为0,建议患者停服华法林钠片,余西药同前;中医治以养阴活血,化痰清热,处方:熟地黄15 g,山茱萸12 g,麦冬20 g,丹参20 g,清半夏10 g,黄连15 g,陈皮12 g,牡丹皮15 g,枳壳12 g,淡竹叶10 g,全蝎3 g,7剂,水煎服,每日1剂,分两次服。1周后复查。

2诊:患者诉心慌未作,憋气较前好转,舌红苔微黄腻少津,脉弦细。查体:血压132/82 mm Hg,心率61次/min,律齐。调整盐酸胺碘酮片用量为0.2 g,每日1次;予中药汤剂:原方改熟地黄20 g,加栀子10 g。7剂,水煎服,每日1剂。

3诊:患者诉近1周心前区不适、憋气未作,舌红苔黄腻少津,脉细。查体:血压124/76 mm Hg,心率59次/min,律齐。复查心电图示窦性心律,查电解质正常范围内。西药停盐酸胺碘酮片,余药用法同前;中药效不更方,原方继服7剂。

4诊:患者欣然来诊,诉近1周心前区不适、憋气未作,舌微红苔白少津,脉细。查体:血压112/83 mm Hg,心率59次/min,律齐。西药用法同前;予中药汤剂:原方减丹参5 g。7剂,水煎服,每日1剂。

患者诊疗期间恢复窦性心律,心率波动于49~58次/min。6诊时(6周后)复查心电图为窦性心律,心率55次/min,PR间期230 ms,故减酒石酸美托洛尔片剂量至6.25 mg,每日两次。7诊时(8周后)患者情况稳定,静息时心率49次/min,停酒石酸美托洛尔片。之后患者间断口服上述中药汤剂,面色渐红润,未再出现神疲乏力、心前区不适及心慌、胸闷憋气等症。随访至文章投稿前,患者诉因疫情期间不便就诊中断服用中药汤剂,曾发作1次心慌,症状能耐受未就诊,后自行转复。

2 讨论

由于缺乏诊断手段,在中医古代文献中没有“房颤”这一病名记载,中医根据其症状及发病部位,将其归属于“心悸”“怔忡”等范畴,但两者概念也不完全对等,因此对房颤病因病机的认识尚欠清晰。毛静远教授临证发现房颤好发于中老年患者,临床上常伴心悸、口干咽燥、心烦、乏力、舌红苔黄或少等阴不制阳、虚热内生的表现,认为本病属阴虚为本,标实以痰瘀为主,常兼热证。阴虚可灼津为痰;阴液耗损,无水舟停,瘀血内生。痰瘀互结,易郁而化热,又致心阴进一步耗损。正如《景岳全书·怔忡惊恐》曰:“此证唯阴虚劳损之人乃有之,盖阴虚于下,则宗气无根,而气不归源。”阴虚是房颤发生发展的始动环节,痰、瘀、热既是病理产物,又反过来促进阴虚的发展,导致因虚致实,因实致虚,后期相互夹杂,恶性循环。

该患者58岁,脏腑之气自然亏虚,其平素常熬夜故易耗伤阴血,兼之平素嗜食辛辣,脾胃运化失司,易内生痰湿,日久郁则而化热,易进一步耗损阴津。患者阴津耗损,虚热内生,故而心悸、乏力;阴虚灼津为痰,故口干、汗多而黏、大便质黏;口唇紫暗,为瘀血内生;舌红苔黄腻少津,脉细结,一派阴虚痰热血瘀之象。首诊方中以熟地黄滋阴补肾,补不足之本;山茱萸补养肝肾,并能涩精;麦冬养阴清热,益胃生津;三阴并补,共为君药。配伍丹参入心肝血分,活血化瘀,兼以除烦;半夏、黄连以清热化痰、和胃降逆;陈皮增强活血、化痰之力,取气行则血行、气顺则痰消之意,共为臣药;佐以牡丹皮清泄相火,并制山茱萸之温涩;与枳壳合用防熟地黄、山茱萸、麦冬滋腻,且防诸药寒凉太过之弊;淡竹叶清热生津,顾护伤津之体。全蝎性善走窜,通行经络,使之以助活血化瘀。全方紧扣病机,共奏养阴活血,化痰清热之效。2诊时患者舌红苔微黄腻少津,脉弦细,痰热渐消,阴虚之本显现,故原方加熟地黄5 g,栀子10 g以滋阴降火。4诊时患者舌微红苔白少津,脉细,血瘀减轻,故减丹参5 g。

本案例患者为阵发性房颤患者,可考虑药物转复窦性心律或控制心室率,如症状发作频繁且西药不耐受可以考虑导管消融。该患者服用西药后仍有发作,主观上又不接受导管消融,遂求诊于中医。毛静远教授以养阴活血,化痰清热法治疗后,房颤发作次数显著减少,生活质量明显提高,且未见明显不良反应,以期为阵发性房颤的中医药治疗提供借鉴。

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A case of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated by Professor MAO Jingyuan based on syndrome differentiation
LI Qing1,2 , ZHAO Zhiqiang1,2 , WANG Xianliang1,2     
1. Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China;
2. National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
Abstract: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia in clinic. Some patients have problems such as intolerance of Western medicine alone, recurrence after non-drug treatment, and high operation cost. Professor MAO Jingyuan thinks that this disease belongs to the syndrome of deficiency of origin and excess of superficiality. Yin deficiency is the initial link of the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation. The excess of superficiality is mainly "phlegm"and "blood stasis", which is often accompanied by heat syndrome. The method of nourishing yin and promoting blood circulation, resolving phlegm and clearing heat should be adopted. The detailed data recorded are now reported here for fellow reference.
Key words: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation    nourishing yin and clearing heat    eliminating phlegm and promoting blood circulation    combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine