天津中医药  2022, Vol. 39 Issue (9): 1114-1117

文章信息

葛凯杰, 孟佳, 王化强
GE Kaijie, MENG Jia, WANG Huaqiang
不同剂量的血必净注射液对急性胰腺炎患者肺损伤的保护作用及临床疗效观察
Effect and the clinical efficacy of Xuebijing Injection with different doses on lung functions in severe acute pancreatitis
天津中医药, 2022, 39(9): 1114-1117
Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 39(9): 1114-1117
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2022.09.08

文章历史

收稿日期: 2022-03-30
不同剂量的血必净注射液对急性胰腺炎患者肺损伤的保护作用及临床疗效观察
葛凯杰 , 孟佳 , 王化强     
河南省许昌市中心医院重症医学科,许昌 461000
摘要:[目的] 研究不同剂量的血必净注射液对急性胰腺炎患者肺损伤的保护作用及临床疗效。[方法] 收集在许昌市中心医院重症医学科、消化内科、肝胆外科住院的急性胰腺炎合并肺损伤患者160例,随机分为血必净注射液50 mL每日两次(A组)、血必净注射液100 mL每日两次(B组)、血必净注射液100 mL每日3次(C组),以及基础治疗的对照组,共4组,各40例,治疗3 d后评价疗效。在治疗前及治疗后进行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分及急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(BISAP)评分,计算氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2),B线评分,检测胸水中白介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平。[结果] 治疗前各组APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、PaO2/FiO2、B线评分、胸水IL-6及TNF-α水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组各指标的表达水平在治疗前后均具有统计学差异(P < 0.05)。治疗3 d后C组胸水IL-6及TNF-α水平较A组、B组均有所下降,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),C组APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、PaO2/FiO2、B线评分较A组有改善,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),但与B组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论] 血必净注射液对急性胰腺炎患者的肺损伤具有保护作用,在一定范围内,不同剂量具有不同的保护作用。
关键词血必净注射液    重症胰腺炎    肺保护    

急性胰腺炎是一种全身性疾病,常常继发全身性炎症反应综合征和多器官功能障碍综合征。在早期胰外器官损伤中,以急性肺损伤最为突出。急性肺损伤是指氧合指数小于300,与非急性肺损伤患者相比,急性肺损伤患者的严重程度指数、住院天数和感染并发症的发生率显著增高[1],更有研究显示急性胰腺炎合并急性肺损伤的患者病死率高达为30%~60%[2-3]。临床研究表明,血必净注射液可显著改善急性胰腺炎患者体内氧化应激状态,抑制炎症反应,并具有潜在肺功能保护作用[4-6]。本研究观察了不同剂量的血必净注射液对重症胰腺炎患者肺损伤的保护作用及临床疗效。

1 资料与方法 1.1 研究对象

选取2021年3月—2022年3月在许昌市中心医院重症医学科、消化内科及肝胆外科住院的急性胰腺炎合并肺损伤的患者160例作为研究对象,其中男98例,女62例,年龄22~75岁,平均年龄(53.92±3.67)岁。纳入标准:年龄>18周岁,诊断符合2019中国急性胰腺炎诊治指南[7],并合并肺损伤及胸腔积液者。排除标准:入院即存在严重感染,胸腔积液过少不能行诊断性穿刺或行胸腔闭式引流者。本研究经许昌市中心医院伦理委员会审理批准。

1.2 研究方法 1.2.1 分组

按照随机数字表法将患者分为:血必净注射液50 mL每日两次(A组)、血必净注射液100 mL每日两次(B组)、血必净注射液100 mL每日3次(C组);以及基础治疗的对照组,各40例。

1.2.2 治疗方法

在分别应用基础治疗和血必净注射液治疗前及治疗3 d后进行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(BISAP)评分、B线评分、计算氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2),检测胸水中白介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。比较不同组别间监测指标的差异。

1.2.3 监测指标

治疗前及治疗后的APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、B线评分、PaO2/FiO2、胸水中IL-6及TNF- α水平。

1.3 统计学方法

应用IBM SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析,计量资料以均值±标准差(x±s)表示,计数资料以率(%)表示。各组正态分布计量资料间的比较采用单因素方差分析,组间比较采用多重检验(LSD-t);各组计数资料的比较Pearson χ2检验或Fisher精确检验,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 各组患者治疗前一般资料比较

各组患者的年龄、性别构成差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 1

表 1 各组患者治疗前一般资料比较 Tab. 1 Comparison of general characteristics before treatment in four groups of patients
2.2 各组患者治疗前后各项指标比较

各组患者治疗前APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、PaO2/FiO2、B线评分、胸水IL-6及TNF-α水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。即各组在治疗前的病情严重程度具有可比性。结果表明,各组患者APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、PaO2/FiO2、B线评分、胸水IL-6及TNF-α水平在治疗前后比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表 2。与基础治疗对照组比较,胸水IL-6及TNF-α水平在A组均低于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),B组、C组中的各指标改善均优于对照组,表明血必净的治疗效果优于基础治疗组。A和B组之间的APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、PaO2/FiO2、B线评分、胸水IL-6及TNF-α水平比较,均存在统计学差异,说明B组治疗改善效果优于A组。C组与A组、B组比较,胸水IL-6及TNF-α水平比较,均存在统计学差异(P < 0.05),且表达水平均表现为低于A组和B组,即治疗改善效果优于A组和B组;治疗3 d后,C组APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、PaO2/FiO2、B线评分与A组比较,均存在统计学差异(P < 0.05),但与B组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。即C组在APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、PaO2/FiO2、B线评分的治疗效果优于A组,但与B组比较,这4个指标的治疗效果无统计学差异。见表 2

表 2 各组患者治疗前后各指标比较(x±s Tab. 2 Comparison of indicators in four groups of patients before and after treatment(x±s)
3 讨论

急性胰腺炎病情进展快,预后差,APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分、B线评分、PaO2/FiO2等从不同角度反映了急性胰腺炎及急性肺损伤的严重程度[8-9]。急性胰腺炎合并急性肺损伤的机制极为复杂,是多种炎症细胞、炎症因子和细胞因子等相互作用的结果。TNF-α和IL-6是急性胰腺炎局部炎症反应发展为严重的全身炎症反应的重要炎症介质[10-11]

以上有关急性胰腺炎及急性肺损伤的研究从不同角度证实了全身炎症可对肺部造成的严重损伤,且伴有急性肺损伤的急性胰腺炎患者预后较差,而IL-6和TNF-α、C-反应蛋白(CRP)等炎症因子可以早期预测急性胰腺炎及急性肺损伤的严重程度,具有重要的预后评估价值。血清中的炎症因子水平反应的是全身的炎症反应程度,本研究为了探索不同剂量的血必净注射液对重症胰腺炎患者肺损伤的保护作用及临床疗效,采用抽检胸水中的IL-6、TNF-α水平,以直接反应肺部的炎症反应程度和损伤的严重程度,进而间接观察治疗效果。

血必净已被批准用于治疗重症患者的严重感染(中国食品药品监督管理局;中国北京,编号Z20040033),由当归、红花、川芎、赤芍、丹参5味活血化瘀中药组成,主要成分为羟基红花黄A、芍药苷、仙京素Ⅰ和苯甲酰芍药苷[12]。红花作为主药,活血化瘀,而赤芍和川芎作为主药,具有凉血化瘀、解毒的功效。丹参和当归补血化瘀,可以显著改善脏器微循环[13],抑制了重症急性胰腺炎患者的氧化应激状态及炎症因子的产生[14],还与抗内毒素、恢复凝血和免疫功能调节有关[15-16]。有证据表明血必净可能调节细胞因子的产生,特别是已知与炎症反应有关的TNF-α和IL-6[17]。刘丽丽等[18]研究表明血必净注射液对重症急性胰腺炎患者的肺损伤具有保护作用。董小鹏等[19]通过动物实验也表明血必净注射液可能通过抑制肺组织炎症反应,减少Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子κB(NF-κB)、TNF-α表达水平,从而对急性胰腺炎肺损伤大鼠产生一定保护作用。

在本研究中,不仅应用APACHEⅡ评分及BISAP评分作为治疗效果的衡量指标,而且检测了胸水中的IL-6、TNF-α水平,以此直接反应肺部的局部炎症反应。以前的多项研究表明血必净注射液对重症急性胰腺炎的肺损伤具有保护作用,但不同的剂量可能有不同的保护作用。本研究根据应用不同剂量的血必净注射液将重症急性胰腺炎患者分为A、B、C 3组,同时设置基础治疗的对照组,研究表明,血必净的治疗效果优于基础治疗组;同时,与A、B两组对比,C组的APACHEⅡ、PaO2/FiO2及胸水中的炎症因子水平均有改善,这也说明不同剂量的血必净注射液对肺具有不同的保护作用。一项真实世界的研究,血必净相关的药物不良反应(ADRs)发生率是偶然的(0.3%),和剂量之间的相关性无统计学意义(P=0.743),且大多数ADRs是相对轻微或不严重的[20]。本研究亦有一定的局限与不足,临床病例数仍偏少,期待有更大样本的研究来进一步证明。

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Effect and the clinical efficacy of Xuebijing Injection with different doses on lung functions in severe acute pancreatitis
GE Kaijie , MENG Jia , WANG Huaqiang     
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuchang Central Hospital, Xuchang 461000, China
Abstract: [Objective] To analyze the effect and the clinical efficacy of Xuebijing Injection with different doses on lung functions in severe acute pancreatitis. [Methods] 160 patients with severe acute pancreatitis from ICU, gastroenterology and hepatological surgery departments were selected as the study objects and randomly divided into four groups, Injection with 50 mL bid (group A), 100 mL bid (group B) and 100 mL tid (group C), basic treatment (control group). There were 4 groups with 40 cases in each group. The APACHEⅡ, BISAP, PaO2/FiO2, B-scores, IL-6 and TNF-α level among the four groups were compared before and after the Xuebijing Injection. [Results] Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the levels of APACHEⅡ, BISAP, PaO2/FiO2, B-scores, IL-6 and TNF-α level among the four groups (P>0.05). The expression levels of each index before and after treatment were statistically different (P < 0.05). After 3 days treatment, the level of IL-6 and TNF-αamong the three groups were significant different, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in group C were significantly decreased than group A and B; the level of APACHE Ⅱ, BISAP, PaO2/FiO2, B-scores in group C were significantly improved than group A, but with no significantly differences than group B. [Conclusion] Xuebijing Injection has a protective effect on lung injury in patients with acute pancreatitis. In a certain range, different doses have different protective effects.
Key words: Xuebijing Injection    severe acute pancreatitis    protection of lung functions