天津中医药  2022, Vol. 39 Issue (9): 1118-1122

文章信息

荆警提, 周锦, 张鑫, 姜皓铭, 赵志恒, 张霖, 王志强, 刘德华, 张卫红, 张军波
JING Jingti, ZHOU Jin, ZHANG Xin, JIANG Haoming, ZHAO Zhiheng, ZHANG Lin, WANG Zhiqiang, LIU Dehua, ZHANG Weihong, ZHANG Junbo
基于"虚、瘀"理论探讨补肾活血法治疗Ⅱ型骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床研究
Based on the theory of "deficiency and stasis" to explore the clinical study of tonifying kidney and activating blood circulation in the treatment of type Ⅱ osteoporotic hip fracture
天津中医药, 2022, 39(9): 1118-1122
Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 39(9): 1118-1122
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2022.09.09

文章历史

收稿日期: 2022-03-15
基于"虚、瘀"理论探讨补肾活血法治疗Ⅱ型骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床研究
荆警提1 , 周锦2 , 张鑫2 , 姜皓铭1 , 赵志恒3 , 张霖1 , 王志强2 , 刘德华2 , 张卫红2 , 张军波2     
1. 深圳市罗湖区人民医院骨伤科,深圳 518001;
2. 深圳市罗湖区中医院骨伤科,深圳 518001;
3. 天津中医药大学第二附属医院脑病针灸中心,天津 300250
摘要:[目的] 探讨"虚、瘀"理论指导下补肾活血法治疗Ⅱ型骨质疏松性髋部骨折的临床疗效。[方法] 2020年6月—2021年3月,纳入单侧股骨颈或股骨粗隆间新鲜闭合骨折行内固定治疗的老年患者80例。按随机数字表法随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例,术后第1天开始,在常规治疗的基础上,治疗组予强骨活血汤口服,对照组按3期辨证口服中药,疗程均为6个月。观察并记录两组患者术前、术后1~6个月拍摄髋部X线片评估骨折愈合情况,术后3个月、6个月检查L1-4和健侧股骨颈骨密度,骨代谢指标总Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端延长肽(T-PINP)、β-胶原特殊序列(β-CTX)、骨钙素(N-MID)。术后6个月评估髋关节功能、生活质量。[结果] 治疗组骨折临床愈合时间较对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组患者L1-4骨密度比较,术后3个月和6个月,治疗组均明显优于对照组(P < 0.05);两组患者健侧股骨颈骨密度比较,术后3个月,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月,治疗组明显优于对照组(P < 0.05)。术后3个月和6个月,治疗组T-PINP均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),β-CTX均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),N-MID差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,对照组Harris评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);术后6个月,两组患者Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月生活质量评分比较,治疗组生活质量水平健康描述系统(EQ-5D)指数和健康刻度尺(EQ-VAS)评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。[结论] 补肾活血法可促进Ⅱ型骨质疏松性髋部骨折愈合,改善骨密度,调控骨代谢,提高临床疗效和生活质量水平。
关键词补肾活血法    肾虚    血瘀    Ⅱ型骨质疏松    髋部骨折    

骨质疏松是一种以骨量减低、骨组织微结构损坏,导致骨脆性增加、易发生骨折为特征的全身性骨病,随着年龄增长发病率增高[1-2]。Ⅱ型骨质疏松即老年骨质疏松,其病理特征表现为骨小梁变细且数量减少、骨小梁间隙增宽。Ⅱ型骨质疏松髋部骨折在临床中很常见,据推测分析,至2050年,中国Ⅱ型骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者将达599万例,已成为中国面临的重要公共卫生问题[3-4]。对于老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者多建议手术治疗,尽早恢复下地活动[5-6]。本研究依据“虚、瘀”理论,采用补肾活血法辨证治疗Ⅱ型骨质疏松性髋部骨折,深入研究其临床效果,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

2020年6月—2021年3月,纳入本院骨伤科收治的单侧股骨颈或股骨粗隆间新鲜闭合骨折行内固定治疗的老年患者80例。采用随机数表法将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例,两组患者一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义,具有可比性。见表 1

表 1 两组患者一般资料比较 Tab. 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups
1.2 诊断标准 1.2.1 西医诊断标准

参照《中国骨质疏松性骨折诊疗指南(骨质疏松性骨折诊断及治疗原则)》[7]和《实用骨科学》(2016年版)[8]有关股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折的诊断标准:1)平素骨痛或有脆性骨折史,骨密度(BMD):< -2.5SD(双能X线骨密度测量仪测定)。2)有明确的外伤史。3)伤肢轴向叩击痛,腹股沟区压痛或大转子部叩击痛,伤肢外旋、短缩、轻度屈曲畸形。4)影像学可明确骨折类型及移位程度。

1.2.2 中医诊断标准

依据《中医病证诊断疗效标准》[9]和《中药新药临床研究指导原则》[10]制定肝肾亏虚兼血瘀证型辨证标准:腰背酸软隐痛、下肢痿软无力、持重困难,髋部青紫肿胀、刺痛、局部瘀斑,舌红或紫伴有斑点、脉弦细。

1.3 病例筛选标准 1.3.1 纳入标准

1)符合上述诊断标准。2)年龄在65~80岁之间。3)根据影像学及患者身体状况,可耐受手术,且内固定术能提供坚强固定。4)自愿参加并签署知情同意书。

1.3.2 排除标准

1)不符合诊断和纳入标准。2)陈旧性骨折或骨折伴有髋关节疾病。3)半年内曾使用过影响骨代谢药物者。4)患有严重心脑血管疾病、肝肾等疾病。5)患有引起继发性骨质疏松症的疾病。6)围手术期出现严重并发症需要治疗者。7)拒服中药或服用中药不适者。8)难以配合完成研究者。

1.3.3 剔除标准

1) 出现严重不良事件。2)试验过程中出现严重的合并疾病。3)患者自行退出研究。

1.4 治疗方法

两组手术由同一组医师完成,股骨颈骨折采用空心螺钉内固定术或动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定术。股骨粗隆间骨折采用防旋股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)内固定术,两组患者予同样的常规治疗。术后第1天开始口服中药,两组中药用法:150 mL,早晚各1次,饭后温服。两组疗程均为6个月。

治疗组予强骨活血汤(当归15 g,熟地黄30 g,红花10 g,桃仁10 g,川芎10 g,赤芍10 g,黄芪30 g,续断10 g,骨碎补15 g,补骨脂10 g,牛膝10 g,香附10 g,土鳖虫10 g,炙甘草10 g)。

对照组按3期辨证用药(均来自《中医骨伤科学》),术后1~2周予活血祛瘀汤(当归15 g,红花6 g,土鳖虫9 g,自然铜9 g狗脊9 g,骨碎补15 g,没药6 g,乳香6 g,三七3 g,路路通6 g,桃仁9 g);3~6周予新伤续断汤(当归尾12 g,虫6 g,乳香3 g,没药3 g,丹参6 g,自然铜(醋煅)12 g,骨碎补12 g,泽兰6 g,延胡索6 g,苏木10 g,续断10 g,桑枝12 g,桃仁6 g);7周后予壮筋续骨汤(当归15 g,川芎12 g,白芍15 g,熟地黄24 g,杜仲9 g,续断9 g,五加皮9 g,骨碎补9 g,桂枝9 g,三七9 g,黄芪9 g,补骨脂12 g,菟丝子12 g,党参12 g,木瓜9 g,刘寄奴12 g,土鳖虫10 g)。

1.5 观察指标

两组患者术前、术后1~6个月拍摄髋部X线片评估骨折愈合情况,术后3个月、6个月检查L1-4和健侧股骨颈骨密度,晨起空腹抽静脉血检查T-PINP、β-CTX、N-MID指标。术后6个月评估髋关节功能、生活质量水平。

1.5.1 骨折临床愈合标准

采用《中医骨伤科学》[11]中的骨折临床愈合标准。

1.5.2 Harris髋关节功能评分

包含4部分:疼痛(44分),功能(47分),畸形(4分),活动度(5分),共100分。分4个级别:优(90~100分),良(80~89分),可(70~79分),差(小于70分)[12]

1.5.3 生活质量评估

欧洲五维健康量表[13]是一种多维健康相关生存质量量表,包含健康描述系统(EQ-5D)和刻度尺(EQ-VAS)两个部分,EQ-5D包括5个项目:疼痛或不舒服、行动能力、日常活动能力、自己照顾自己能力、焦虑或抑郁。每个项目包含:无困难(1分)、有些困难(2分)、极度困难(3分)。通过公式计算EQ-5D指数得分。EQ-VAS是1个长20 cm的视觉刻度尺,患者依据自身当天感受为自己健康状态打分,100分表示“最好的健康状况”,0分表示“最差的健康状况”。

1.6 统计学方法

采集数据建立Excel数据库,选用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据统计分析,符合正态分布的计量资料以均值±标准差(x±s)表示,组内重复测量的试验数据采用重复测量方差分析,组间比较采用两独立样本t检验。计数资料用例数及构成比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 两组患者骨折临床愈合时间比较

治疗组骨折临床愈合时间较对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表 2

表 2 两组患者骨折临床愈合时间比较 Tab. 2 Comparison of clinical healing time of fracture between the two groups
2.2 两组患者L1-4骨密度和健侧股骨颈骨密度比较

对照组患者L1-4骨密度术后6个月与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);治疗组患者L1-4骨密度术后3个月和6个月,与同组术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。治疗组患者术后3个月和6个月L1-4骨密度与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。治疗组患者术后3个月和6个月健侧股骨颈骨密度与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);术后6个月,治疗组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 3表 4

表 3 两组患者L1-4骨密度比较 Tab. 3 Comparison of L1-4 bone mineral density between the two groups
表 4 两组患者健侧股骨颈骨密度比较 Tab. 4 Comparison of bone mineral density of healthy femoral neck between the two groups
2.3 两组患者T-PINP、β-CTX、N-MID指标比较

对照组和治疗组术后3个月和术后6个月T-PINP、β-CTX与同组术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),N-MID与同组术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组术后3个月和术后6个月T-PINP、β-CTX与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。N-MID与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 5

表 5 两组患者T-PINP、β-CTX、N-MID指标比较 Tab. 5 Comparison of T-PINP, β-CTX and N-MID indexes between the two groups
2.4 两组患者Harris髋关节功能评分比较

术后3个月,治疗组Harris髋关节功能评分明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),术后6个月,两组患者Harris髋关节功能评分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 6

表 6 两组患者Harris髋关节功能评分比较 Tab. 6 Comparison of Harris hip function score between the two groups
2.5 两组患者术后6个月生活质量评分比较

治疗组生活质量水平EQ-5D指数、EQ-VAS评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 7

表 7 两组患者术后6个月生活质量评分比较 Tab. 7 Comparison of life quality scores of patients in the two groups 6 months after surgery
2.6 两组患者不良反应比较

对照组1例患者发生左下肢肌间静脉血栓,按体质量予低分子肝素抗血栓治疗2周后复查下肢动静脉彩超血栓消失。两组患者均有1例口服中药后胃部不适,予口服艾司奥美拉唑镁肠溶片后胃部不适症状消失。

3 讨论

本研究选用深圳市罗湖区人民医院骨伤科自拟强骨活血汤治疗老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折,方中首选熟地黄滋补肾阴、填精益髓,当归补血活血,两者合用,补而不滞,活血而不伤正,共为君药。臣以红花、桃仁、川芎、赤芍助君药活血行气,祛瘀止痛。黄芪健脾补气,助当归补气生血,充养肾中先天之精。佐以牛膝补肝肾强筋骨,同时引血下行;续断、骨碎补、补骨脂增强补肾强骨、活血通络之效,同时有续筋接骨疗伤之功;香附理气止痛,土鳖虫活血通瘀。炙甘草益气补中,缓急止痛,又可缓和药性为使药。现代药理研究表明,熟地黄主要活性成分是苯乙醇苷类、环烯醚萜苷类,可促进成骨细胞形成[14-15]。当归、川芎中主要活性成分为藁本内酯,其通过GPR30/EGFR途径调控成骨细胞的存活和凋亡,显著增多成骨细胞的数量[16]。Wang等[17]研究证实藁本内酯通过NF-κB/ERK/p38/ITAM信号通路抑制RANKL表达,从而影响破骨细胞的活性和分化。研究表明,骨质疏松性骨折患者应用桃仁、红花,能有效改善骨折局部微循环,从而增加血供促进骨折修复[18]。黄芪的有效成分黄芪多糖可促进成骨细胞的增殖,通过抗氧化应激作用治疗骨质疏松[19]。骨碎补总黄酮有类雌激素作用,对雌激素降低形成的骨质疏松有良好的效果,体外细胞实验也证明了骨碎补总黄酮可以通过多信号通路促进成骨细胞的分化和成熟,同时可抑制破骨细胞的活化,可有效治疗骨质疏松症[20]

本研究结果显示,术后6个月,两组患者L1-4和股骨颈骨密度明显优于术前(P < 0.05),并且治疗组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),说明两组治疗均能够提高骨密度,改善骨质疏松状况,但治疗组方案更优。两组患者骨密度的改善也与健康教育、调整生活模式、功能锻炼指导等有一定的关系。术后3个月和6个月,治疗组T-PINP均高于对照组(P < 0.05),β-CTX均低于对照组(P < 0.05),说明治疗组方案能够调控骨转换标志物,抗骨吸收并促进骨形成,N-MID变化不明显(P>0.05),可能与老年人低代谢水平有关。治疗组骨折临床愈合时间较对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。术后3个月,治疗组Harris评分明显优于对照组(P < 0.05),术后6个月,两组患者Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明治疗组方案能够促进髋部骨折术后早期康复。术后6个月治疗组生活质量水平EQ-5D指数、EQ-VAS评分均优于对照组(P < 0.05),说明治疗组方案能够有效提高髋部骨折术后生活质量。

研究显示补肾活血法可促进Ⅱ型骨质疏松性髋部骨折愈合,提高骨密度,改善骨代谢,并提高患者术后生活质量水平。

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Based on the theory of "deficiency and stasis" to explore the clinical study of tonifying kidney and activating blood circulation in the treatment of type Ⅱ osteoporotic hip fracture
JING Jingti1 , ZHOU Jin2 , ZHANG Xin2 , JIANG Haoming1 , ZHAO Zhiheng3 , ZHANG Lin1 , WANG Zhiqiang2 , LIU Dehua2 , ZHANG Weihong2 , ZHANG Junbo2     
1. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518001, China;
2. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shenzhen Luohu District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518001, China;
3. Encephalopathy Acupuncture Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjing 300250, China
Abstract: [Objective] To explore the clinical effect of tonifying kidney and activating blood under the guidance of "deficiency and stasis" theory in the treatment of type Ⅱ osteoporotic hip fracture. [Methods] From June 2020 to March 2021, 80 elderly patients with unilateral femoral neck or intertrochanteric fresh closed fractures treated with internal fixation were enrolled. Randomly divided into treatment group and control group according to random number table method, 40 cases in each group. On the basis of conventional treatment, the treatment group was given Qianggu Huoxue Decoction orally, and the control group was given traditional Chinese medicine orally in three stages, the course of treatment was 6 months. Observe and record hip radiographs were taken before surgery and 1 to 6 months after surgery to evaluate fracture healing in both groups. Bone mineral density of L1-4 and healthy femoral neck and bone metabolism indexes (T-PINP, β-CTX, N-MID) were examined 3 and 6 months after operation. Hip function and quality of life were evaluated 6 months after surgery. [Results] The clinical healing time of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The comparison of L1-4 bone mineral density between 2 groups showed that 3 and 6 months after surgery, and the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (P < 0.05). Comparison of bone mineral density of healthy femoral neck between the two groups showed that 3 months after surgery, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and 6 months after surgery, and the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (P < 0.05). At 3 and 6 months after surgery, T-PINP in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05);β-CTX was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05);N-MID change was not significant(P>0.05). The 3 months after surgery, Harris score of the control group was better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in Harris score of the two groups 6 months after surgery (P>0.05). The EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS score of the treatment group were better than those of the control group at 6 months after surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Tonifying kidney and promoting blood circulation can promote hip fracture healing, improve bone density, regulate bone metabolism, improve clinical efficacy and quality of life.
Key words: tonifying kidney and promoting blood circulation    kidney deficiency    blood stasis    type Ⅱ osteoporosis    hip fracture