天津中医药  2023, Vol. 40 Issue (11): 1371-1376

文章信息

祁华琼, 黄伟明, 李红.
QI Huaqiong, HUANG Weiming, LI Hong.
千金苇茎汤联合酚妥拉明治疗支气管扩张的疗效及对患者血清指标及免疫功能的影响
Effect of Qianjin Weijing Decoction combined with phentolamine on bronchiectasis and its influence on serum indexes and immune function of patients
天津中医药, 2023, 40(11): 1371-1376
Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 40(11): 1371-1376
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2023.11.03

文章历史

收稿日期: 2023-07-08
千金苇茎汤联合酚妥拉明治疗支气管扩张的疗效及对患者血清指标及免疫功能的影响
祁华琼1 , 黄伟明2 , 李红1     
1. 深圳市罗湖区中医院呼吸病科,深圳 518000;
2. 深圳市罗湖区中医院治未病科,深圳 518000
摘要:[目的] 分析千金苇茎汤联合酚妥拉明治疗支气管扩张的疗效及对患者血清指标和免疫功能的影响。[方法] 选取罗湖区中医院2020年6月—2022年6月收治的150例支气管扩张患者为研究对象进行筛查,共有147例患者筛查成功,按照随机数字表法分为千金苇茎汤组48例、酚妥拉明组46例、联合组53例,千金苇茎汤组患者采用千金苇茎汤治疗,酚妥拉明组患者采用酚妥拉明治疗,联合组患者使用千金苇茎汤、酚妥拉明联合治疗,千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组各40例患者完成治疗,联合组43例患者完成治疗,观察各组患者治疗前后肺功能、血气分析指标、炎症指标、免疫功能、总有效率情况。[结果] 与治疗前相比,治疗后各组患者第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、最大通气量(MVV)、血氧分压(PaO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、CD3+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+升高,血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)降低,且研究组高于/低于千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组(P<0.05)。与千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组相比,联合组治疗总有效率较高(P<0.05)。[结论] 支气管扩张患者经千金苇茎汤、酚妥拉明联合治疗,症状得到有效控制,肺功能、血气指标得到恢复,患者炎症状态得到有效改善,免疫功能显著提升,疗效显著。
关键词支气管扩张    千金苇茎汤    酚妥拉明    血清指标    免疫功能    

支气管扩张为进展性、持续性疾病,临床主要以气道扩张、支气管壁破坏、长时间咳痰并伴随浓痰甚至咳血为症状表现,且支气管扩张病情较长,随着病情的发展,可影响患者肺功能与生活质量[1-2]。临床主要对支气管扩张患者进行化痰、平喘、止咳、抗感染治疗,但支气管扩张易反复发作,长期使用抗生素易导致患者产生耐药性,影响治疗效果[3],故寻找合适的治疗支气管扩张药物较为重要。千金苇茎汤具有清热泻肺豁痰的效果,可对多种疾病进行治疗[4]。酚妥拉明为α肾上腺素受体阻滞剂,可改善患者局部微循环状态,并使血流速度、肺动脉内压力降低,具有较好的止血效果[5]。在临床研究中,并未有研究将千金苇茎汤、酚妥拉明联合应用于支气管扩张患者,基于此,文章分析千金苇茎汤、酚妥拉明联合使用对支气管扩张患者病情的治疗效果,并探讨其对患者血清指标及免疫功能的影响。

1 对象与方法 1.1 研究对象

选取罗湖区中医院2020年6月—2022年6月收治的150例支气管扩张患者为研究对象进行筛查,筛查失败3例,共筛查成功147例患者,按照随机数字表法分为千金苇茎汤组48例、酚妥拉明组46例、联合组53例。千金苇茎汤组失访1例,不良事件2例,受试者不配合2例,患者要求退出1例,其他2例,共失效8例,剩余完成治疗40例;酚妥拉明组失访2例,不良事件1例,受试者不配合1例,患者要求退出1例,其他1例,共失效6例,剩余完成治疗40例;联合组不良事件2例,受试者不配合2例,患者要求退出3例,其他3例,共失效10例,剩余完成治疗43例;各组一般资料具有可比性(P > 0.05)。见表 1。研究经罗湖区中医院伦理委员会批准,伦理审批号为:(2020)伦审第(10)号。

表 1 一般资料对比 Tab. 1 Comparison of general data

纳入标准:患者均符合《中国成人支气管扩张症诊断与治疗专家共识》[6]中对于支气管扩张的诊断标准,具有咳嗽痰多、痰黄、反复咳血等症状。

排除标准:心肝肾功能存在严重异常,患有血液系统疾病,处于妊娠、哺乳期女性,患者免疫功能存在异常,患有精神疾病,无法配合治疗,对本次研究药物过敏。

1.2 治疗方法

千金苇茎汤组患者采用千金苇茎汤治疗,组方:薏苡仁30 g,苇茎30 g,金银花20 g,冬瓜子30 g,桑白皮15 g,半夏9 g,桃仁15 g,苦杏仁10 g,甘草6 g,黄芩15 g。加入600 mL水煎至500 mL,分早晚两次服用。

酚妥拉明组患者采用酚妥拉明(必康制药江苏有限公司生产,国药准字H32020438)治疗,将10 U酚妥拉明加入40 mL葡萄糖注射液,静脉滴注,每日2次。

联合组患者使用千金苇茎汤、酚妥拉明治疗,治疗方法同千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组,所有患者均连续治疗2周。

1.3 指标检测 1.3.1 肺功能、血气分析指标、免疫功能检测

采用肺功能检测仪检测患者治疗前后第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、最大通气量(MVV)水平。采用血气分析仪检测血氧分压(PaO2)、血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)水平。采用流式细胞仪对患者CD3+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平进行检测。

1.3.2 炎症指标水平检测

采集患者治疗前1 d清晨8:00、治疗结束后1 d清晨8:00空腹静脉血6 mL,以转速3 000 r/min离心处理10 min,离心半径为5 cm,取上清液,-80 ℃保存,待检。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平,采用碳酸盐缓冲液稀释待测液,倒入孔中,4 ℃下过夜,后弃去,冲洗干净,孔中加入1%牛血清白蛋白(BSA),37 ℃孵育60 min,后弃去,冲洗干净,稀释抗血清,每孔加入0.1 mL,37 ℃下进行轻微摇晃40 min,后弃去,冲洗干净,使用TMB进行显色处理,后在450 nm波长下检测光密度(OD)值,查出IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α表达水平。

1.3.3 总有效率评价

根据治疗效果将患者分为显效、有效、无效。显效:患者咳嗽痰多、痰黄、反复咳血等症状消失;有效:患者咳嗽痰多、痰黄、反复咳血等症状明显改善;无效:患者咳嗽痰多、痰黄、反复咳血等症状未改善或加重;总有效率=(显效例数+有效例数)/总例数×100%。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行分析处理。计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)描述,两组间比较、组内前后比较、多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,计数资料采用例数及构成比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 各组患者肺功能对比

各组患者治疗前FEV1、FVC、PEF、MVV对比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。治疗后,各组患者FEV1、FVC、PEF、MVV升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组治疗后相比,联合组FEV1、FVC、PEF、MVV较高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表 2

表 2 各组患者肺功能对比(x±s Tab. 2 Comparison of lung function in each group(x±s)
2.2 各组患者血气分析指标对比

各组患者治疗前PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2对比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。治疗后,各组患者PaO2、SaO2升高,PaCO2降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组治疗后相比,联合组PaO2、SaO2较高,PaCO2较低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表 3

表 3 各组患者血气分析指标对比(x±s Tab. 3 Comparison of blood gas analysis indexes in each group(x±s)
2.3 各组患者炎症指标对比

各组患者治疗前IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α对比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。治疗后,各组患者IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组治疗后相比,联合组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α较低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表 4

表 4 各组患者炎症指标对比(x±s Tab. 4 Comparison of inflammatory indexes in each group (x±s)
2.4 各组患者免疫功能对比

各组患者治疗前CD3+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+对比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。治疗后,各组患者CD3+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组治疗后相比,联合组CD3+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+较高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表 5

表 5 各组患者免疫功能对比(x±s Tab. 5 Comparison of immune function in each group(x±s)
2.5 各组患者临床疗效对比

千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组治疗总有效率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与千金苇茎汤组、酚妥拉明组相比,联合组治疗总有效率较高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表 6

表 6 各组患者临床疗效对比 Tab. 6 Comparison of clinical efficacy in each group
3 讨论

支气管扩张在呼吸科疾病中较为常见,为支气管异常扩张后形成的慢性化脓性炎症,患者发病后,支气管易反复受到感染,导致支气管反复广泛性扩张,使患者肺组织、肺功能受到严重损害,降低患者生活质量[7-9]

支气管扩张在中医中属于“肺痈”范畴,临床对于该病的治疗主要以清肺热为主,千金苇茎汤可用于痰热久蕴、气阴两虚的支气管扩张症治疗,具有较好使用效果,方中薏苡仁可健脾、渗湿、排脓、化痰;苇茎可解热,镇静、提高免疫力;金银花可消肿、清热解毒;冬瓜子可化痰、清热、排脓;桑白皮、黄芩可宣肺、止咳、清热、化痰;半夏、苦杏仁、桃仁可活血化瘀、平喘、化痰、止咳;甘草可对诸药进行调和,诸药共同使用,可平喘止咳、化痰清热,降低患者肺气,缓解患者咳嗽、胸闷症状[10-12]。酚妥拉明可改善机体内微循环状态、内脏血流灌注情况,使外周血管阻力、肺动脉压降低,并使组织血流量增加,对患者心功能进行改善,使心脏前后负荷降低,可使支气管扩张患者肾脏滤过率、尿量增加,使肺部血流量降低,临床止血效果较好[13-14]。本研究发现,采用千金苇茎汤、酚妥拉明联合治疗,可提高患者免疫功能,改善患者血清指标水平,临床使用效果较好。

支气管扩张临床主要病理特点为肺功能发生改变,表现为气道阻力增加、弥散功能发生障碍[15-16]。研究显示[17-18],FEV1可对肺通气功能障碍进行评价,并可评价患者支气管扩张严重程度。多数支气管扩张患者具有阻塞性通气障碍,影响患者生活质量。本研究发现,采用千金苇茎汤、酚妥拉明联合治疗,可提高患者FEV1、FVC、PEF、MVV表达水平,表明两者联合使用,可恢复患者肺功能。千金苇茎汤能够兴奋支气管黏膜血管平滑肌α受体,降低血管壁通透性,进而减轻黏膜水肿,使患者的肺功能得以改善;酚妥拉明能够对肺血管进行扩张,促进肺动脉压降低。两者联合使用,能够有效清除支气管炎症及痰液,帮助气道通畅,对肺功能起到较为显著的改善作用。

研究显示[19-20],支气管扩张患者黏膜中存在大量中性粒细胞浸润,患者体内IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α高表达。IL-6表达升高可对患者血管内皮细胞造成损伤,使其发生免疫黏附,形成微血栓,使内皮细胞的修复受到影响。IL-8可使中性粒细胞发生聚集,加重机体内炎症反应[21]。TNF-α为前炎症因子,可促进炎症细胞的趋化、活化[22]。免疫功能紊乱可导致支气管扩张的发生,使患者病情迁延难愈,反复发作。T淋巴细胞为机体免疫反应的中心环节,检测CD3+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+表达水平,可对患者免疫功能变化进行判断,机体T淋巴细胞失衡可引发免疫反应紊乱,促使机体内炎症反应,引发组织损伤[23-25]。本研究发现,采用千金苇茎汤、酚妥拉明联合治疗,可使患者IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α表达水平降低,CD3+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+表达水平升高,表明两者联合使用,可缓解患者炎症反应,改善免疫功能。千金苇茎汤中的药物组成具有抗菌、抗病毒等药理作用,可减轻患者气道感染程度。与酚妥拉明两药联用,可能够有效改善患者炎症症状,从而起到提升免疫功能的作用。

综上所述,支气管扩张患者采用千金苇茎汤、酚妥拉明联合治疗,疗效较单药显著,能够有效改善患者血清指标、肺功能及免疫功能,缓解机体炎症状态,临床推广价值较高。但因本文纳入样本量较少,数据统计时可能存在一定偏倚,具有一定局限性,后续应进一步分析。

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Effect of Qianjin Weijing Decoction combined with phentolamine on bronchiectasis and its influence on serum indexes and immune function of patients
QI Huaqiong1 , HUANG Weiming2 , LI Hong1     
1. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China;
2. Department of Disease Control, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
Abstract: [Objective] To analyze the curative effect of Qianjin Weijing Decoction combined with phentolamine on bronchiectasis and its influence on serum indexes and immune function of patients. [Methods] The 150 patients with bronchiectasis admitted to Luohu District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the research subjects. A total of 147 patients were successfully screened, and the 147 patients who were successfully screened were randomly divided into Qianjin Weijing Decoction group (48 cases), phenotolamine group(46 cases) and combination group(53 cases) using random number table method. Qianjin Weijing Decoction group patients were treated with Qianjin Weijing Decoction, while phenotolamine group patients were treated with phenotolamine. The combination group of patients was treated with Qianjin Weijing Decoction and phentolamine. A total of 40 patients in the Qianjin Weijing Decoction and phentolamine groups completed the treatment, while 43 patients in the combination group completed the treatment. The lung function, blood gas analysis indicators, inflammation indicators, immune function and total effective rate of patients in each group were observed before and after treatment. [Results] Compared with before treatment, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1), maximum vital capacity(FVC), maximum expiratory flow(PEF), maximum ventilation volume(MVV), and partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2) in each group after treatment, blood oxygen saturation(SaO2), CD3+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ increase, blood carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-ɑ(TNF-ɑ) decreased, and the study group was higher/lower than the Qianjin Weijing Decoction group and the phentolamine group(P < 0.05). Compared with the Qianjin Weijing Decoction group and the phentolamine group, the total effective rate of the combined group was higher(P < 0.05). [Conclusion] After the combined treatment of Qianjing Weijin Decoction and phentolamine, the symptoms of the patients with bronchiectasis were effectively controlled, the lung function and blood gas indexes were recovered, the inflammatory state of the patients was effectively improved, and the immune function was significantly improved.
Key words: bronchiectasis    Qianjin Weijing Decoction    phentolamine    serum index    immune function