天津中医药  2023, Vol. 40 Issue (11): 1490-1496

文章信息

孙莉, 孙星怡, 赵梦雄, 等.
SUN Li, SUN Xingyi, ZHAO Mengxiong, et al.
针刺十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症的研究进展与思考
Research progress and reflections on acupuncture treatment of depression through thirteen ghost points
天津中医药, 2023, 40(11): 1490-1496
TianjinJournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 40(11): 1490-1496
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2023.11.22

文章历史

收稿日期: 2023-07-18
针刺十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症的研究进展与思考
孙莉1 , 孙星怡2,3 , 赵梦雄4 , 赵佳5,6 , 张曼1 , 王朔2,3     
1. 天津中医药大学针灸推拿学院, 天津 301617;
2. 天津中医药大学中医药研究院, 天津 301617;
3. 天津中医药大学组分中药国家重点实验室, 天津 301617;
4. 天津中医药大学第一附属医院推拿科, 天津 300381;
5. 天津大学胸科医院急诊科, 天津 300222;
6. 天津市心血管危重症重点实验室, 天津 300222
摘要:抑郁症是一种常见的心境障碍,主要临床表现为显著且持久的心境低落,对患者身心健康和社会经济造成沉重负担,目前抗抑郁药物是主要的治疗手段。近年来,针刺疗法作为替代或辅助治疗抑郁症的方法引起了广泛关注,其中针刺十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症有较好的疗效,且不良反应少、安全性高,值得进一步深入研究和推广应用。通过检索研究相关文献,文章梳理了近10年针刺十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症领域的学术研究,对十三鬼穴的现代研究进展进行了综述,并提出了思考。
关键词针刺    十三鬼穴    抑郁症    研究进展    综述    

抑郁症是由各种原因引起的以显著而持久的心境低落为主要特征的一类心境障碍。临床上主要表现为心境低落,在不同处境下表现为闷闷不乐、悲痛欲绝,甚至木僵,部分患者会出现明显的焦虑和运动性激越,严重者可出现幻觉、妄想等精神病性症状,甚至有自伤、自杀等危险行为[1]。流行病学数据显示,全球抑郁症患者数量迅速增长,已经超过了3.5亿人,成为仅次于冠心病的第二大疾病[2]。《2022年国民抑郁症蓝皮书》报告显示,目前中国抑郁症患病人数约为9500万,终身患病率为3.4%[3]。抑郁症不仅给患者的身心健康带来了极大的损害,同时也对社会经济造成了负担。因此,探索治疗抑郁症的有效方案是目前亟待解决的问题。

当前治疗抑郁症的首选方法是药物治疗。在临床上去甲肾上腺素和特异性5-羟色胺能抗抑郁药、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂以及5-羟色胺和肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂作为一线治疗药物被广泛应用,例如米氮平、艾司西酚普兰、舍曲林和度洛西汀等。近年有研究表明针刺联合药物治疗抑郁症能够改善抑郁症患者抑郁状态及躯体症状,相对单纯用药具有提高疗效、降低不良反应、减少药物剂量的特点[4]。而十三鬼穴是中医用治情志病的13个效穴,近年来也常用于治疗难治性失眠、阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆等脑系病证,能够有效缓解病情,疗效显著[5-7]。笔者通过检索文献收集整理近10年有关十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症的文献,并对其应用提出思考。

1 十三鬼穴概述 1.1 历史沿革

十三鬼穴是用于治疗癫狂痫等神志疾病的经验效穴。唐代孙思邈所著的《备急千金要方》首次记载了十三鬼穴:“针有十三穴,凡针先从鬼宫起,次针鬼信,次至鬼垒,又至鬼心,针至五六穴即可知矣。”[8]十三鬼穴后经历代医家流传、发挥和完善,出现了许多版本,如钱氏鬼门十三针、李氏十鬼祟穴、十七鬼穴等,但目前以杨继洲《针灸大成》中的叙述为标准,近现代以来,针灸医师以十三鬼穴为取穴依据治疗抑郁症,但多取单穴、多穴或随症配穴,其取穴原则及范畴均属十三鬼穴。见表 1

表 1 《针灸大成》十三鬼穴 Tab. 1 Thirteen ghost acupoints recorded in Zhenjiu Dacheng
1.2 机理探讨

中医本无“抑郁症”这一病名,据临床症状可将其归属于“郁证”“脏躁”等病证。《类证治裁》中指出:“七情内起之郁,始而伤气,继必及血,终乃成劳。”抑郁症病位主要在肝,与心、脾、肾及脑髓相关,其病机为七情不舒,气机失于条达,气、血、痰湿瘀阻,最终导致阴阳失调,神明逆乱[9-10]。十三鬼穴以督脉、任脉、手厥阴心包经取穴居多,涉及手太阴肺经、足太阳脾经、足阳明胃经等经的穴位及经外奇穴,具有行气活血、醒脑开窍、协调阴阳的功效,可用于调节抑郁症胸闷、周身疼痛、情绪低落、睡眠障碍等症状,适用于肝郁气滞、痰气郁结、阴阳失调型抑郁症[11]

1.2.1 肝郁气滞型

忧虑愤懑,肝气失于条达,甚至肝郁化火。临床表现为精神抑郁,胸胁胀痛,时常太息,急躁易怒,嗳气频作,苔薄白或黄,脉弦数。少商穴为十三鬼穴中气血流注起源,能激发周身气机;曲池穴是手阳明大肠经穴位之一,刺激该穴位可促进腑气通降,利于气机宣畅。此两穴与其他鬼穴可起到疏肝理气,解郁畅达的作用。

1.2.2 痰气郁结型

忧思不解,伤及脾土,或肝郁侮脾,脾失健运,酿成痰湿,出现痰气郁结诸症。临床表现为可见情绪抑郁,神志恍惚,疲乏困倦,少动懒言,咽中如有物梗阻,或悸眩,或胸痞胀满,或有呕恶,舌苔白腻,脉弦滑。十三鬼穴中,隐白穴可助脾之经气上输于肺,带动肝木之气升发条达;颊车穴可助肺之经气内行下达,则肺金之气得以肃降。两穴一升一降,斡旋后天脾胃之气,气行则津液得以输布,痰凝自解[12]

1.2.2 阴阳失调型

抑郁日久,损伤心阳,久病劳伤,阴精亏损,阴阳失衡,神失所养。临床表现为情绪不宁,心情低落,心悸失眠,腰膝酸软,自汗盗汗,舌红苔少,脉细数。心包代心受邪,故十三鬼穴中取大陵、劳宫两穴除烦安神。督脉与太阳经直入络脑,脑为元神之府,故用人中、风府、上星、申脉醒脑开窍,安神定志。重阴者癫,重阳者狂。调整全身阴阳是治疗抑郁症的重要治则。督脉总督诸阳,任脉为阴脉之海,任、督、脉相互交通,调整周身阴阳;十三鬼穴中的任督五穴,可以起到扶阳抑阴,平衡人体阴阳的作用[13]。海泉穴是任脉和督脉的交会穴,对维持人体阴阳平衡起重要作用。少商穴与隐白穴是经络根结之井穴,位于四肢末端,为阴阳经气相接之处,可以起到沟通阴阳、恢复精神的作用[14]

2 十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症的现代研究进展 2.1 十三鬼穴临床应用研究

研究表明,针刺治疗抑郁症具有起效迅速、疗程短暂、疗效显著且不良反应较少的优势[15]。近年来临床使用十三鬼穴不仅用于治疗原发性抑郁症,对于继发性抑郁也有较好的疗效。

海泉穴为十三鬼穴之鬼封。武连仲教授认为海泉穴具有开窍醒神,从阴引阳的作用,临证配穴治疗抑郁症可调节周身阴阳,开窍醒神,并以海泉穴为主穴治疗气郁化火型抑郁症1例,患者当天睡眠质量好转,抑郁症状减轻[16]。有临床验案报道,十三鬼穴治疗阴虚火旺型脏躁具有很好的疗效,经4个疗程后患者失眠、叹息等症状消失,情绪改善显著[17]。有学者总结十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症的临床经验:采用十三鬼穴中的2~5穴,使用强刺激量的毫针泻法,先针人中后针大陵,男性先针左侧,女性先针右侧,治疗有效率可达90%以上[18]。有研究表明,采用平腕立指针刺手法针刺申脉、大陵等穴位治疗心脾两虚型抑郁症的疗效优于口服用盐酸氟西汀片[19]。魏来等[20]采用扶阳抑阴针法配用十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症的随机对照试验(RCT)发现,针刺组总有效率优于服用氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片对照组,证明此套针法具有“调节阴阳,扶正纠偏”的效果,可以有效治疗抑郁症。周竞等[21]采用经脉诊断仪选取敏化穴位配以十三鬼穴之人中、少商和隐白联合盐酸西汀进行针刺治疗,对抑郁症状有一定的改善作用,且其观察指标明显优于单纯药物治疗。

支建梅等[22]选用海泉穴治疗中风后吞咽困难兼抑郁状态发现,经治疗后患者不仅脑血流量升高,吞咽困难缓解或恢复,而且抑郁情绪显著改善,有利于恢复社交生活[23]。另有研究指出,十三鬼穴联合开天门治疗脑卒中后轻中度抑郁症,联合治疗组临床总有效率、患者生存质量显著提高,值得临床推广应用。林益全[24]通过观察十三鬼穴治疗中风后抑郁的临床疗效,得出十三鬼穴较常规针刺能显著改善患者的抑郁状态和神经功能缺失,具有较好的应用前景。郭锦桥[25]设计RCT,对调神解郁针法联合小醒脑针法治疗脑卒中后焦虑抑郁共病的临床效果进行了评价。该研究结果指出,此联合治疗较单纯药物治疗可显著改善患者的焦虑、抑郁状态,降低不良反应发生率,具有较好的综合治疗效果。谷婷等[26]通过研究针刺十三鬼穴联合开心散治疗肾虚肝郁型围绝经期轻度抑郁症发现,针药联合使用可以有效降低汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分和女性绝经期自测表(Kupperman)评分,提示针刺十三鬼穴能够改善患者抑郁状态。李淑欣等[27]选取少商穴、隐白穴组合督脉四穴雷火灸治疗气虚血瘀型慢性心力衰竭合并抑郁,能够改善患者心功能和精神症状,达到了双心治疗的目的。以上研究的总结见表 2

表 2 十三鬼穴临床应用研究 Tab. 2 Clinical application research of the thirteen ghost acupoints
2.2 十三鬼穴相关实验研究

针刺十三鬼穴用来治疗抑郁症的具体生物学机制尚不明朗,不过,根据现有抑郁症发病机制和假说,相关学者就大脑相关核团电活动、细胞分子水平等方面展开了研究[28-31]

陈鹏等[32]利用功能磁共振成像技术观察针刺大陵穴对大脑皮质的影响,发现针刺后额下回、额中回、颞上回、中央后回和顶下小叶的部分区域被激活;该研究说明了针刺大陵穴治疗精神性疾病的机制可能涉及端脑额颞叶皮质的激活。Lyu等[33]通过使用激光针灸对正常人体十三鬼穴(除会阴穴和海泉穴)进行刺激,得到并分析功能核磁共振结果,发现受试者双侧中央后回、双侧枕下回和左侧颞下回等大脑区域及小脑、楔前叶发生了自发波动和功能活动变化,而变化的部分正对应脑的躯体感觉和认知部分。班维固等[34]设计实验发现,针刺十三鬼穴联合头针丛刺治疗卒中后认知功能障碍能够上调外周血小分子RNA-335,可改善患者认知功能。王儒蒙等[35]观察调阳祛邪针法治疗轻中度抑郁症患者发现,患者血清抗炎性细胞因子水平升高,得出针刺十三鬼穴能通过纠正免疫功能达到抗抑郁效果的结论。

有研究发现,针刺十三鬼穴上星和风府穴可以有效缓解慢性不可预测性轻度应激(CUMS)抑郁模型大鼠的抑郁样行为。实验结果表明,针刺后大鼠海马区中自噬相关蛋白(LC3)和mRNA表达显著降低,线粒体外膜转位酶复合体20(TOM20)和细胞色素氧化酶(COXⅣ)的表达也有所下降。此外,该研究指出针刺可能通过PINK1-Parkin信号通路介导线粒体自噬起到抗抑郁作用[36]。黄文雅等[37]研究人员对针刺十三鬼穴治疗抑郁大鼠进行了观察,指出十三鬼穴可能通过下调CUMS结合孤养法诱导的抑郁大鼠模型外侧缰核中β钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)及其mRNA的过度表达来发挥其抗抑郁作用。黄杨等[38]发现针刺上星穴和大陵穴,能够逆转CUMS诱导的抑郁大鼠模型前额皮质中Kir4.1蛋白表达,其抗抑郁机制可能与调节大脑神经元电活动改善胶质细胞钾离子通道有关。上述研究为针刺治疗抑郁症提供实验基础。见表 3

表 3 十三鬼穴相关实验研究 Tab. 3 Experimental research on the thirteen ghost acupoints
3 讨论

近年来抑郁症逐渐成为危害人类身心健康的重要疾病。在针刺治疗抑郁症中,十三鬼穴作为一套经典针法,其治疗机制有多靶点干预、综合调节的特点,具有较好的临床疗效,值得进一步深入研究和推广应用。依据近10年关于十三鬼穴的研究现状,提出以下思考。

3.1 科学认知,去粗取精

孙思邈在《千金翼方》中补充了鬼穴的操作流程:“若是邪虫之精,便自言说,论其由来,往验有实,立得精灵,未必须尽其命,求去与之,男从左起针,女从右起针。若数处不言,便遍穴针也。”部分学者认为“与鬼对话”是十三鬼穴中的封建糟粕成分,但此处的“鬼”应指患者焦虑、恐惧等不良的精神状态。针刺治疗抑郁症时不仅要通过针灸疗法使患者的宗气流转,经脉通畅,阴阳协调,也应注重调节患者的心理,辅以暗示,改善其抑郁状态,才是对十三鬼穴真正的认知与应用。

3.2 联合施治,疗效益彰

作为一种临床常见疗法,针刺能够通过多层次、多靶点及多系统的综合调节,有效改善患者的抑郁状况,并缓解其兼症,如胸闷、头痛等。针刺十三鬼穴可在一定程度上缓解抑郁状态,改善患者的疲倦、睡眠障碍等躯体症状,降低汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分和抑郁自评量表评分,提高蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分;联合西药治疗能够提高疗效、改善耐药性、增强患者依从性,具有疗效稳定,安全性好和预后较好等优势。除针刺十三鬼穴联合药物治疗外,若能将针刺十三鬼穴同中成药、中医药膳、五行音乐、认知疗法和运动疗法等联合使用或交替治疗,可能会取得良好的治疗效果[39-42]

3.3 不足与展望

现关于十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症的临床研究以某病并发症或继发性抑郁为主,直接干预抑郁症的研究较少,并且大部分研究没有明确指出抑郁症的中医证候类型。其次,部分临床研究选取十三鬼穴的穴位数量不足一半,这有碍于深入探讨十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症的有效性,低估了其效力,也不利于推广使用。此外,目前相关临床研究质量普遍不高,存在样本量少、偏倚风险、随机化原则及盲法实施不彻底等问题,论证能力较弱。而近年来兴起的世界真实研究具有研究覆盖人群广泛、有良好设计并有长期的数据库、研究结论外推能力更强等特点,可弥补中医临床研究的不足,亦可为十三鬼穴对抑郁症的临床研究提供重要的循证依据[43]。再有,结合系统生物学及现代生物分析技术,加强十三鬼穴对抑郁症的作用机制的探索,也为揭示针刺治疗抑郁症病理层面的作用机制提供实验依据。

图 1 十三鬼穴治疗抑郁症的治则 Fig. 1 Therapeutic principle for depression using the thirteen ghost acupoints
参考文献
[1]
中华医学会, 中华医学会杂志社, 中华医学会全科医学分会, 等. 抑郁症基层诊疗指南(2021年)[J]. 中华全科医师杂志, 2021, 20(12): 1249-1260.
Chinese Medical Association, Chinese MedicalJournals Publishing House, Chinese Society of General Practice, et al. Guideline for primary care of major depressive disorder (2021)[J]. ChineseJournal of General Practitioners, 2021, 20(12): 1249-1260.
[2]
HERRMAN H, PATEL V, KIELING C, et al. Time for united action on depression: a lancet-world psychiatric association commission[J]. Lancet, 2022, 399(10328): 957-1022.
[3]
人民日报健康客户端, 健康时报. 2022年国民抑郁症蓝皮书[R]. 北京: 抑郁症研究所, 2022.
People's Daily English Language App, Health Times. 2022 National depression blue book [R]. Beijing: Istitute of Depression Research, 2022.
[4]
XU M M, GUO P, MA Q Y, et al. Can acupuncture enhance therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressants and reduce adverse drug reactions in patients with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2022, 20(4): 305-320.
[5]
刘丹, 张亭玉, 张艺馨, 等. 针刺十三鬼穴治疗围绝经期失眠疗效观察[J]. 现代中西医结合杂志, 2022, 31(10): 1332-1336.
LIU D, ZHANG T Y, ZHANG Y X, et al. Clinical observation on acupuncture at thirteen ghost points in the treatment of perimenopausal insomnia[J]. ModernJournal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 2022, 31(10): 1332-1336.
[6]
赵俊, 李霞, 田会玲, 等. "通督启神"针法治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究进展[J]. 世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 2020, 22(8): 2615-2620.
ZHAO J, LI X, TIAN H L, et al. Progress of researches of "tongdu qishen" acupuncture therapy for alzheimer's disease[J]. Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica-World Science and Technology, 2020, 22(8): 2615-2620.
[7]
杨潇. "十三鬼穴结合醒脑开窍针刺法"治疗痰浊蒙窍型血管性痴呆的临床疗效观察[D]. 天津: 天津中医药大学, 2020.
YANG X. Clinical observation on treatment of vascular dementia of the syndrome of mind-confusion-by-phlegm by "13 Ghost points with XNKQ acupuncture"[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020.
[8]
孙思邈. 备急千金要方校释[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2014.
SUN S M. Beiji Qianjin Yaofang: annotated and explained[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2014.
[9]
王定寅, 唐娥. 针灸治疗抑郁障碍的研究进展[J]. 湖南中医杂志, 2021, 37(1): 167-169.
WANG D Y, TANG E. Research progress of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of depressive disorder[J]. HunanJournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021, 37(1): 167-169.
[10]
管洁, 周建伟. 三才配穴在情志疾病中的运用探析[J]. 亚太传统医药, 2021, 17(1): 174-176.
GUAN J, ZHOU J W. Analysis of the application of sancai matching acupoints in emotional diseases[J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine, 2021, 17(1): 174-176.
[11]
单艺慧. 养心安神法针刺治疗心脾两虚型抑郁性神经症临床观察[D]. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江中医药大学, 2021.
SHAN Y H. Clinic observation on the treatment of depressive neurosis of deficiency of heart and spleen with acupuncture method of nourishing the heart to tranquilizing mind[D]. Harbin: Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 2021.
[12]
庞祖宜, 周悦, 黄楚瑶, 等. 从"一气周流"浅议"十三鬼穴"组穴内涵[J]. 中国中医基础医学杂志, 2022, 28(11): 1837-1840.
PANG Z Y, ZHOU Y, HUANG C Y, et al. Discussion on connotation of "thirteen ghost acupoints" from "one qi circumfluence"[J]. Journal of Basic Chinese Medicine, 2022, 28(11): 1837-1840.
[13]
李祎辰, 朱垚, 陆明. 鬼穴在现代急症中的应用[J]. 河南中医, 2020, 40(7): 1008-1010.
LI Y C, ZHU Y, LU M. Application of ghost points in modern emergency[J]. Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020, 40(7): 1008-1010.
[14]
翁小琼, 郭锡全, 杨夷君, 等. 从"阴井木, 阳井金"浅析井穴的主治[J]. 环球中医药, 2021, 14(8): 1420-1423.
WENG X Q, GUO X Q, YANG YJ, et al. Analysis on the indications of well points from "yin jing mu, yang jing jin"[J]. Global Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021, 14(8): 1420-1423.
[15]
马育轩, 朱艺霞, 宁宇, 等. 针灸治疗抑郁症研究进展[J]. 针灸临床杂志, 2023, 39(3): 106-109.
MA Y X, ZHU Y X, NING Y, et al. Research progress of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of depression[J]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2023, 39(3): 106-109.
[16]
李春琴, 赵红. 针灸海泉穴为主治疗抑郁症1则[J]. 吉林中医药, 2012, 32(4): 413.
LI C Q, ZHAO H. A case of depression treated mainly by acupuncture at haiquan point[J]. JilinJournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012, 32(4): 413.
[17]
陈英华, 张晓林, 康针珍. "十三鬼穴"为主治疗情志病医案4则[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2019, 34(3): 1051-1053.
CHEN Y H, ZHANG X L, KANG Z Z. Four medical records of emotional diseases treated by "thirteen ghost points"[J]. ChinaJournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, 2019, 34(3): 1051-1053.
[18]
倪芳英, 孙云廷. 孙云廷主任医师针灸治疗抑郁症临床体会[J]. 上海针灸杂志, 2017, 36(8): 1008-1011.
NI F Y, SUN Y T. Chief physician SUN Yunting's clinical experience in treating depression with acupuncture[J]. ShanghaiJournal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2017, 36(8): 1008-1011.
[19]
李乔君. "平腕立指针刺手法"针刺治疗心脾两虚型抑郁症的临床疗效观察[D]. 昆明: 云南中医药大学, 2019.
LI QJ. Clinical observation of horizontal wrist and vertical finger acupuncture manipulation in treating depression of deficiency of heart and spleen[D]. Kunming: Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 2019.
[20]
魏来, 郑祖艳, 刘丹, 等. 扶阳抑阴法针刺治疗抑郁症的随机对照研究[J]. 针灸临床杂志, 2021, 37(8): 30-34.
WEI L, ZHENG Z Y, LIU D, et al. RCTs of fuyang yiyin acupuncture in treating depression[J]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2021, 37(8): 30-34.
[21]
周竞, 董烨卿, 王雨宁, 等. 针药并用治疗轻中度抑郁症的疗效观察[J]. 上海针灸杂志, 2021, 40(11): 1312-1317.
ZHOU J, DONG Y Q, WANG Y N, et al. Efficacy observation of combining acupuncture and medication for mild-to-moderate depression[J]. ShanghaiJournal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2021, 40(11): 1312-1317.
[22]
支建梅, 卜秀焕, 刘更, 等. 舌针结合利咽组方穴位贴敷治疗中风后吞咽困难临床研究[J]. 针灸临床杂志, 2018, 34(5): 18-22.
ZHI J M, BU X H, LIU G, et al. Clinical study of tongue needling combined with acupoint application of Liyan Compound Formula in the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia[J]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2018, 34(5): 18-22.
[23]
谷婷, 王东, 柯增辉, 等. 孙思邈十三鬼穴联合开天门治疗脑卒中后轻中度抑郁症临床研究[J]. 针灸临床杂志, 2019, 35(5): 5-9.
GU T, WANG D, KE Z H, et al. Clinical study of mild to moderate PSD treated by needling SUN 13 ghost-points combined with opeing tianmen manipulation[J]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2019, 35(5): 5-9.
[24]
林益全. 针刺十三鬼穴治疗中风后抑郁的疗效观察[D]. 广州: 广州中医药大学, 2016.
LIN Y Q. Clinical observation of acupuncture at thirteen ghost points in treating post-stroke depression[D]. Guangzhou: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2016.
[25]
郭锦桥. 调神解郁针刺法联合小醒脑针刺法治疗脑卒中后焦虑抑郁共病临床研究[J]. 新中医, 2023, 55(8): 172-178.
GUO J Q. Clinical study on mind-regulating and constraint-resolving acupuncture method combined with xiaoxingnao acupuncture method for post-stroke with comorbid anxiety and depression[J]. New Chinese Medicine, 2023, 55(8): 172-178.
[26]
谷婷, 王瑞辉, 吴涛, 等. 针刺十三鬼穴联合开心散治疗围绝经期轻度抑郁症疗效观察[J]. 中国针灸, 2020, 40(3): 267-271.
GU T, WANG R H, WU T, et al. Therapeutic effect on mild perimenopausal depression treated with acupuncture at the "thirteen ghost points" and Kaixin Powder[J]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, 2020, 40(3): 267-271.
[27]
李淑欣, 张卫丽, 高晨, 等. 雷火灸鬼眼穴、督脉组穴治疗慢性心力衰竭合并抑郁的疗效观察[J]. 广州中医药大学学报, 2020, 37(7): 1304-1309.
LI S X, ZHANG W L, GAO C, et al. Clinical observation of moxibustion with immediate effect at guiyan points and points of governor vessel in treating chronic heart failure complicated with depression[J]. Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020, 37(7): 1304-1309.
[28]
LECCA S, MEYE FJ, MAMELI M. The lateral habenula in addiction and depression: an anatomical, synaptic and behavioral overview[J]. The EuropeanJournal of Neuroscience, 2014, 39(7): 1170-1178.
[29]
CHENG W, ROLLS E, GONG W K, et al. Sleep duration, brain structure, and psychiatric and cognitive problems in children[J]. Molecular Psychiatry, 2021, 26(8): 3992-4003.
[30]
FURTADO M, KATZMAN M A. Examining the role of neuroinflammation in major depression[J]. Psychiatry Research, 2015, 229(1/2): 27-36.
[31]
CHASE H W, BOUDEWYN M A, CARTER C S, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation: a roadmap for research, from mechanism of action to clinical implementation[J]. Molecular Psychiatry, 2020, 25(2): 397-407.
[32]
陈鹏, 赵百孝, 秦伟, 等. 针刺大陵穴对大脑皮质的影响: MRI研究[J]. 中国针灸, 2008, 28(6): 429-432.
CHEN P, ZHAO B X, QIN W, et al. Study on the mechanism of acupuncture at Daling(PC 7) for mental diseases by fMRI[J]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, 2008, 28(6): 429-432.
[33]
LYU J, SHI C Z, DENG YJ, et al. The brain effects of laser acupuncture at thirteen ghost acupoints in healthy individuals: a resting-state functional MRI investigation[J]. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 2016, 54: 48-54.
[34]
班维固, 滕秀英, 巩菲菲, 等. 针刺十三鬼穴联合头针丛刺对卒中后认知障碍患者miRNA-335表达的影响[J]. 上海针灸杂志, 2021, 40(12): 1395-1400.
BAN W G, TENG X Y, GONG F F, et al. Effect of puncturing the thirteen ghost points combined with cluster needling at the scalp acupoints on the expression of miRNA-335 in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment[J]. ShanghaiJournal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2021, 40(12): 1395-1400.
[35]
王儒蒙, 王毅, 周竞, 等. 调阳祛邪针法治疗轻中度抑郁症的临床疗效及对IL-4、IL-10的影响[J]. 内蒙古中医药, 2022, 41(12): 130-132.
WANG R M, WANG Y, ZHOU J, et al. Clinical observation on the effect of acupuncture therapy for regulating yang and removing pathogenic factors on mild and moderate depression and its influence on IL-4 and IL-10[J]. Inner MongoliaJournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 41(12): 130-132.
[36]
程文静, 李鹏, 陈文婕, 等. 针刺对抑郁大鼠海马PINK1-Parkin信号通路介导线粒体自噬表达的影响[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2023, 38(1): 361-366.
CHENG WJ, LI P, CHEN WJ, et al. Effects of acupuncture on the expression of mitochondrial autophagy mediated by PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway in the hippocampus of depressed rats[J]. ChinaJournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, 2023, 38(1): 361-366.
[37]
黄文雅, 黄杨, 朱安宁, 等. 针灸十三鬼穴对抑郁大鼠外侧缰核βCaMKⅡ蛋白及其mRNA表达的影响[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2020, 35(3): 1417-1421.
HUANG W Y, HUANG Y, ZHU A N, et al. Effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on thirteen ghost points on βCaMKⅡ in lateral habenular nucleus of depression rats[J]. ChinaJournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, 2020, 35(3): 1417-1421.
[38]
黄杨, 程文静, 李鹏, 等. 针刺十三鬼穴对抑郁模型大鼠脑组织中kir4.1蛋白表达的影响[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2022, 37(11): 6776-6780.
HUANG Y, CHENG WJ, LI P, et al. Effects of acupuncture at thirteen ghost points on the expression of kir4.1 protein in the brain tissue of depression model rats[J]. ChinaJournal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, 2022, 37(11): 6776-6780.
[39]
童海涛, 艾志福, 陈常莲. 基于中医体质探讨抑郁症的食疗药膳[J]. 中国中医药现代远程教育, 2021, 19(20): 70-71.
TONG H T, AI Z F, CHEN C L. Discussion on dietary therapy and medicated diet for depression based on physique[J]. Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China, 2021, 19(20): 70-71.
[40]
雷彬, 董斐, 邢佳, 等. 运用五行音乐从形神论治中风后郁证的思路浅析[J]. 环球中医药, 2020, 13(1): 56-59.
LEI B, DONG F, XING J, et al. Analysis on the train of thought of treating depression syndrome after wind from the theory of form and spirit by using five elements music[J]. Global Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020, 13(1): 56-59.
[41]
刘成峰, 程博, 王先永. 针刺十三鬼穴联合认知疗法治疗肝郁气滞型抑郁症的临床研究[J]. 现代中医药, 2019, 39(6): 23-26.
LIU C F, CHENG B, WANG X Y. Clinical study on acupuncture of thirteen evil acupoints combined with cognitive therapy for depression of liver and qi stagnation and its effect on serum 5-HT content[J]. Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2019, 39(6): 23-26.
[42]
DA CUNHA L L, FETER N, ALT R, et al. Effects of exercise training on inflammatory, neurotrophic and immunological markers and neurotransmitters in people with depression: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2023, 326: 73-82.
[43]
胡斌, 马巧琳, 杨帆, 等. 基于真实世界研究方法的医学研究进展[J]. 中医临床研究, 2022, 14(22): 141-145.
HU B, MA Q L, YANG F, et al. A review on medicine based on the real-world study method[J]. ClinicalJournal of Chinese Medicine, 2022, 14(22): 141-145.
Research progress and reflections on acupuncture treatment of depression through thirteen ghost points
SUN Li1 , SUN Xingyi2,3 , ZHAO Mengxiong4 , ZHAO Jia5,6 , ZHANG Man1 , WANG Shuo2,3     
1. School of Acupuncture and Massage, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
2. Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
4. Massage Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China;
5. Department of Emergency, Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China;
6. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Emergency and Critical Care, Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Tianjin 300222, China
Abstract: Depression is a common mood disorder characterized by significant and persistent feelings of low mood, causing severe burden on the patient's physical and mental health as well as socioeconomic status. Currently, antidepressant medication is the main treatment option. In recent years, acupuncture therapy has gained widespread attention as an alternative or adjunct treatment for depression, among which the treatment of depression with acupuncture at the thirteen ghost points is characterized by minimal side effects and high safety, with good clinical efficacy, and worthy of further in-depth research and promotion. This article reviewed academic research in the field of acupuncture at the thirteen ghost points for the treatment of depression over the past decade, including the historical evolution of the thirteen ghost points, the theoretical origin of their use in treating depression, and modern research progress, and raised some considerations for their application, through reviewing relevant literature.
Key words: acupuncture    thirteen ghost acupoints    depression    research progress    review