天津中医药  2023, Vol. 40 Issue (8): 961-966

文章信息

黄钰萍, 丁江涛.
HUANG Yuping, DING Jiangtao.
健胃消萎方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎疗效及相关机制探讨
To explore the effect and related mechanism of Jianwei Xiaowei Decoction in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis
天津中医药, 2023, 40(8): 961-966
Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2023, 40(8): 961-966
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2023.08.03

文章历史

收稿日期: 2023-04-21
健胃消萎方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎疗效及相关机制探讨
黄钰萍 , 丁江涛     
南通市第二人民医院消化内科, 南通 226002
摘要:[目的] 探讨健胃消萎方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)临床疗效,初步分析其治疗机制。[方法] 选择南通市第二人民医院消化内科2021年3月—2022年9月收治的CAG患者103例,按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组51例和对照组52例,最终每组纳入48例。对照组予以奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊、瑞巴派特片治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上予以中药健胃消萎方口服,疗程均为12周。比较两组治疗前后中医证候评分、胃黏膜病理评分;并比较两组血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)Ⅰ、PGⅡ和胃泌素-17(G-17)水平,计算PGⅠ/PGⅡ值(PGR);比较两组外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)Janus激酶2(JAK2)mRNA、信号转导和转录激活剂3(sSTAT3)mRNA相对表达量,并比较两组治疗总有效率。[结果] 治疗后观察组各项中医证候评分、胃黏膜病理评分均低于对照组(P < 0.01);血清PGⅠ、G-17水平、PGR高于对照组(P < 0.01),血清PGⅡ水平低于对照组(P < 0.01);PBMCs JAK2、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量低于对照组(P < 0.01);治疗总有效率高于对照组(P < 0.05)。[结论] 健胃消萎方可改善CAG患者中医证候和胃黏膜病理状态,调节PG分泌,提高CAG临床疗效,其机制可能与抑制JAK2/STAT3表达有关。
关键词慢性萎缩性胃炎    中药    健胃消萎方    胃蛋白酶原    Janus激酶2    信号转导和转录激活剂3    

慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)是由于胃黏膜损伤所致固有腺体减少、可伴有纤维替代、肠腺化生、假幽门腺化生的胃黏膜慢性炎性疾病[1-2]。该病的发生与幽门螺杆菌感染、维生素B12缺乏、高盐饮食、免疫紊乱、胆汁返流等多种因素有关,临床主要表现为上腹部隐痛、食欲不振、面色苍白、早饱感、反酸等[3-4]。该病是胃癌发生的重要危险因素之一,腺体萎缩程度与癌变风险呈正相关,通常被消化科医师视为胃癌的癌前状态[5]。近年来随着人们生活方式的改变和胃镜的广泛应用,中国CAG发病率呈现增加趋势,有效治疗CAG对于减轻患者痛苦、减少胃癌的发病风险具有重要意义[6]。西医对于CAG的治疗主要以根除幽门螺杆菌、抑制胃酸分泌、促进胃肠蠕动、保护胃黏膜等,虽可在一定程度上控制病情,但难以从根本上逆转胃黏膜萎缩[7]。慢性胃病是中医的优势病种,中医辨证论治在促进黏膜修复、逆转黏膜萎缩方面具有良好的临床效果[8]。中医理论认为CAG虽病位在胃腑,但与脾脏关系密切,患者多脾胃虚弱,脾脏运化失司,气血运行不畅,久之瘀血内生,故脾虚血瘀是该病常见中医证型,治以健脾益气、活血通络为主[9-10]。健胃消萎方是南通市第二人民医院在CAG治疗中总结的经验方,具有健脾益气、行气活血、散瘀止痛功效,契合CAG脾虚血瘀之中医病机,研究以西医治疗对照,观察健胃消萎方治疗CAG的疗效,并基于Janus激酶2(JAK2)/信号转导和转录激活剂3(STAT3)表达变化初步探讨其治疗机制。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

选择南通市第二人民医院消化内科2021年3月—2022年9月收治的CAG患者103例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组51例和对照组52例,后观察组和对照组分别有3例和4例脱落,两组各48例纳入研究,观察组男27例,女21例;年龄37~74岁,平均(56.24±10.81)岁;体质量指数21.82~27.34 kg/m2,平均(24.91±2.45)kg/m2;病程11个月至9年,平均(4.83±1.92)年;腺体萎缩程度:轻度16例,中度21例,重度11例。对照组男25例,女23例;年龄36~74岁,平均(55.92±10.66)岁;体质量指数21.90~27.47 kg/m2,平均(24.84±2.39)kg/m2;病程1年至10年,平均(4.75±1.89)年;腺体萎缩程度:轻度18例,中度20例,重度10例。两组年龄、性别、病程等基线资料均衡(P > 0.05),具有可比性,研究获得医院伦理委员会批准后进行,伦理批号:(科研)2021-016。

1.2 纳入及排除标准 1.2.1 纳入标准

1)符合CAG西医诊断标准[11],且经病理证实。2)中医辨证为脾虚血瘀证[12]。3)幽门螺杆菌阴性。4)年龄25~75岁。5)与课题组签署协议书。

1.2.2 排除标准

1)病理检查提示有恶变倾向或已经恶变。2)合并胃、十二指肠溃疡或恶性肿瘤。3)严重的内科基础疾病。4)精神疾病未有效控制。5)既往有胃部手术史。6)过敏体质。7)妊娠或哺乳期女性。8)依从差,不能按要求接受治疗和随访。

1.3 方法

对照组予奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊(广东彼迪药业有限公司生产,国药准字:H44023977)口服,每次20 mg,每日2次;瑞巴派特片(浙江远力健药业有限责任公司生产,国药准字:H20010015)口服,每次0.1 g,每日3次。观察组西医治疗同对照组,并予以中药健胃消萎方口服,药物组成:黄芪30 g,党参15 g,延胡索20 g,生蒲黄10 g,五灵脂10 g,铁树叶30 g,白芍20 g,制乳香3 g,丹参30 g,莪术12 g,甘草6 g。郁热重者加蒲公英、败酱草各20 g,反酸、嗳气者加浙贝母、白及各10 g,偏阳虚加荜茇、高良姜各10 g,偏阴虚加白芍、石斛各10 g,便秘者加枳实10 g。上述中药水煎服,每日1剂,早晚分2次温服,两组疗程均为12周。治疗期间两组均以清淡饮食为主,禁食辛辣刺激油腻之品,注意规律作息,适当体育运动,保持心情舒畅。

1.4 观察指标 1.4.1 中医证候评分

将CAG脾虚血瘀证各项中医证候分为无、轻度、中度、重度4个级别,主证(胃脘痛、胃脘胀满)分别计0、2、4、6分,次证(纳差、便溏、嗳气反酸、神疲乏力)分别计0、1、2、3分,各项中医证候评分之和作为该患者的中医证候总评分[11]

1.4.2 胃黏膜病理评分

治疗前及治疗结束后对两组患者实施胃镜检查,将胃黏膜病理变化分为无、轻度、中度和重度,其中黏膜萎缩、肠上皮化生、异型增生分别计0、3、6、9分,黏膜炎症和炎症活动度分别计0、1、2、3分[10]

1.4.3 实验室检查

治疗前后采集两组清晨空腹静脉血8 mL,分置于2个无菌试管,一个试管3 mL,3 000 r/min,离心10 min,离心半径8 cm,室温下静置40 min,收集血清,应用化学发光法测定血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)Ⅰ、PGⅡ和胃泌素-17(G-17)水平,计算PGⅠ/PGⅡ值(PGR),试剂盒购自深圳晶美生物制品有限公司。另一试管5 mL加入Hanks液混匀,再加入Ficoll分离液4 mL,离心半径8 cm,2 000 r/min,离心15 min,收集下面第2层淋巴细胞,磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)冲洗,之后以1 500 r/min,离心5 min,离心半径8 cm,共进行3次上述操作,最后分离获得外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)。在PBMCs试管内加入Ttizol液1 mL,并多次离心后提取总RNA,并应用反转录试剂盒(北京艾德莱生物公司生产)将其逆转录为cDNA,荧光定量PCR法测定JAK2 mRNA、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量。以逆转录生成的cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,仪器应用美国Bio-Rad公司生产的C1000 PCR梯度扩增仪,以U6为内参,引物由Invitrogen公司合成,引物序列见表 1。扩增条件:95 ℃预变性120 s,之后95 ℃ 5 s、60 ℃ 30 s、72 ℃ 20 s,共进行40个循环,以2-ΔΔCt计算JAK2 mRNA、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量。

表 1 引物序列 Tab. 1 Primer sequence
1.4.4 安全性指标

治疗前后对两组进行血尿常规、肝功能、肾功能、心电图检查,记录治疗期间不良反应发生情况。

1.5 疗效评价

痊愈,症状、体征消失,黏膜炎症明显好转,腺体萎缩、肠上皮化生、异型增生消失;显效,症状、体征明显好转,黏膜炎症好转,腺体萎缩、肠上皮化生、异型增生减轻 > 2级或消失;有效,症状、体征减轻,黏膜炎症范围减小 > 1/2,腺体萎缩、肠上皮化生、异型增生减轻1级;无效,上述指标均未达到有效的标准或加重[12]。总有效率为痊愈率、显效率、有效率之和。

1.6 统计学方法

应用SPSS23.0软件分析统计数据,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组内前后比较采用配对t检验,组间比较采用两独立样本t检验。计数资料以例数和百分率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 两组中医证候评分比较

治疗前,两组CAG患者中医证候评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组中医证候评分均显著下降(P<0.01),观察组各项评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。见表 2

表 2 两组CAG患者治疗前后中医证候评分比较(x±s Tab. 2 Comparison of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores of CAG patients between two groups before and after treatment(x±s)
2.2 两组胃黏膜病理评分比较

治疗前,两组CAG患者胃黏膜病理评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组各项胃黏膜病理均显著下降(P<0.01),观察组均低于对照组(P<0.01)。见表 3

表 3 两组CAG患者治疗前后胃黏膜病理评分比较(x±s Tab. 3 Comparison of pathological scores of gastric mucosa of CAG patients between the two groups before and after treatment(x±s)
2.3 两组治疗前后PG、G-17比较

治疗前,两组CAG患者PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGR、G-17差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),治疗后两组PGⅠ、PGR、G-17升高(P<0.01),PGⅡ降低(P<0.01),观察组PGⅠ、PGR、G-17高于对照组(P<0.01),PGⅡ低于对照组(P<0.01)。见表 4

表 4 两组CAG患者治疗前后PG、G-17比较(x±s Tab. 4 Comparison of PG and G-17 levels of CAG patients between the two groups before and after treatment(x±s)
2.4 两组PBMCs JAK2mRNA、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量比较

治疗前,两组CAG患者PBMCs JAK2、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),治疗后,两组PBMCs JAK2、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量均显著降低(P<0.01),观察组均低于对照组(P<0.01)。见表 5

表 5 两组CAG患者治疗前后PBMCs JAK2、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量比较(x±s Tab. 5 Comparison of the relative expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA in PBMCs of CAG patients of two groups before and after treatment(x±s)
2.5 两组临床疗效比较

疗程结束后,观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P < 0.05),见表 6

表 6 两组CAG患者临床疗效比较 Tab. 6 Comparison of the clinical efficacy of CAG patients between two groups
2.6 安全性评价

治疗期间,观察组出现腹部不适2例,恶心1例,皮疹2例,轻度肝功能异常1例,对照组出现头痛1例,腹部不适1例,皮疹1例,均对症处理后缓解,未对治疗产生影响,两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。

3 讨论

CAG是临床常见的难治性消化系统疾病,也是慢性胃炎的常见类型之一,该病是多种因素共同作用的结果,胃黏膜长期处于慢性炎症状态,可逐步发展为固有腺体萎缩,胃黏膜变薄,并可伴有肠上皮化生和异型增生,成为胃癌的癌前病变[13]。对CAG实施早期有效干预是逆转或阻断胃癌前病变、降低胃癌发生风险的关键[14]。中医理论根据CAG的临床特点,将其纳入“胃脘痛”“胃痞”“痞满”等范畴,其病位在胃,与脾脏密切相关,患者多先天禀赋不足,或由于饮食不节、外邪入侵、情志因素等伤及脾胃,致脾胃虚弱,气血生化失源,同时脾脏健运失司,运化无力,致中焦气机受阻,瘀血形成,同时气机瘀阻胃络,胃黏膜腺体血运不足,营养缺乏,腺体逐渐萎缩,而发为该病[15]。故脾虚血瘀是该病常见中医证型,脾胃虚弱是病机的关键,血瘀既是该病发生重要因素,也是该病的病理产物,故中医治疗应以健脾益气、化瘀通络为主[16]。健胃消萎方由黄芪、党参、生蒲黄等11味中药组成,黄芪、党参可健脾益气,生津养血,使气血生化有源,可断病根,滋元气;生蒲黄活血通经,白芍可健脾胃、补体虚,养血调经;延胡索行气活血,善行气中血滞和血中气滞;丹参、五灵脂可活血祛瘀止痛;铁树叶可化瘀消肿、和胃散结,制乳香可行气活血;莪术可行气破血、消积止痛;甘草可健脾和中、清热解毒、调和诸药。全方配伍健脾益气、化瘀通络兼顾,祛邪而不伤正,活血而不伤血,对脾虚血瘀证标本兼治。研究发现治疗后研究组中医证候评分和胃黏膜病理评分均优于对照组,治疗总有效率也高于对照组,表明在西医治疗基础上应用健胃消萎方有效改善患者中医证候和胃黏膜病理状态,提高CAG的临床疗效。

PG是由胃黏膜腺体细胞分泌的胃蛋白酶无活性前体,其中PGⅠ主要来源于胃底腺主细胞和颈黏液细胞,而PGⅡ除了上述来源外,还可由十二指肠近端或幽门腺合成和分泌[17]。当CAG病变发生,胃底腺萎缩,主细胞数量减少,PGⅠ分泌量会降低;而发生肠上皮化生时,胃窦腺向胃底腺延伸,形成假幽门腺化生,PGⅡ合成和分泌增加,因此,PGⅠ、PGR降低表明CAG病变的胃黏膜腺萎缩从幽门部向胃体、胃底部的进展,动态监测血清PG水平(尤其PGⅠ、PGR)对于评价CAG病变进展具有较高的临床价值[18]。G-17是胃泌素的一种,由胃窦的G细胞分泌,其血液含量与G细胞的数量和功能密切相关,并受到胃酸浓度的反馈调节,当CAG病变主要发生于胃窦时,由于G细胞数量的减少,血清G-17水平降低。包括G-17在内的胃泌素可反应胃窦黏膜腺萎缩程度和异型增生程度,并在维持胃黏膜完整性方面具有重要作用[19]。研究发现治疗后观察组PGⅠ、PGR、G-17高于对照组,PGⅡ低于对照组,进一步表明健胃消萎方通过健脾益气、化瘀通络的治疗作用,有利于阻断或逆转胃黏膜萎缩,改善胃黏膜病变程度[20]

CAG发病机制复杂,JAK2/STAT3信号通路在疾病发生、发展中的作用逐渐被明确[21]。JAK2是蛋白酪氨酸酶JAKs家族重要成员,白细胞介素-6等炎症因子可激活JAK2转倒蛋白,并与细胞受体结合使JAK2大量聚集并磷酸化,生成P-JAK2,P-JAK2可激活细胞质内的JAK2下游因子STAT3,并促使STAT3进入细胞核内,并发生磷酸化,生成P-STAT3,P-STAT3可进一步影响免疫人单克隆抗体(Bax)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)等基因表达、刺激白细胞介素-8、白细胞介素-1β等下游信号因子生成,从而介导免疫调节、血管生成、细胞分化、细胞凋亡等多种生理和病理过程,促进炎症细胞浸润,加重炎症反应[22-23]。研究发现幽门螺杆菌阳性的胃炎患者胃黏膜P-STAT3表达上调,而根除幽门螺杆菌后P-STAT3可明显下调,由此可见STAT3磷酸化在胃炎发病中具有重要作用[24]。而郑晓佳等[21]的研究发现中药加味当归芍药散可下调胃黏膜JAK2/STAT3,从而改善CAG大鼠胃黏膜萎缩状态。研究发现治疗后观察组PBMCs JAK2、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量均低于对照组,提示健胃消萎方改善中医证候和胃黏膜病理状态,调节PG分泌的机制可能与抑制JAK2/STAT3表达有关。

综上所述,健胃消萎方可改善CAG患者中医证候和胃黏膜病理状态,调节PG分泌,提高CAG临床疗效,其机制可能与抑制JAK2/STAT3表达有关。但研究样本量较小,随访时间较短,健胃消萎方对CAG患者的疗效及远期预后尚需扩大样本量,延长随访时间进一步验证,该方抑制JAK2/STAT3表达的具体机制尚需深入探讨。

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To explore the effect and related mechanism of Jianwei Xiaowei Decoction in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis
HUANG Yuping , DING Jiangtao     
Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226002, China
Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the effect of Jianwei Xiaowei Decoction in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), and analyze its therapeutic mechanism preliminarily. [Methods] The 103 CAG patients admitted to our hospital from March, 2021 to September, 2022 were selected and divided into observation group(51 cases) and control group(52 cases) according to the random number table method. Finally, 48 cases were included in each group. The control group were treated with omeprazole enteric-coated capsules and Rebamipide tablets, and the observation group were treated with Chinese medicine Jianwei Xiaowei Decoction on the basis of the treatment of the control group. The course of treatment was for 12 weeks. The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome score and gastric mucosal pathological score were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The serum levels of pepsinogen (PG) Ⅰ, PGⅡ and gastrin-17 (G-17) were compared between the two groups, and the PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio (PGR) was calculated. The relative expression levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mRNA and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (sSTAT3) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were compared between the two groups, and the total effective rate of the two groups was compared. [Results] After treatment, the TCM syndrome score and gastric mucosal pathological score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01). The serum levels of PGⅠ, G-17 and PGR of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P < 0.01), and the serum level of PGⅡ was lower than that of the control group(P < 0.01). The relative expression of JAK2mRNA and STAT3 mRNA in PBMCs were lower than that of the control group(P < 0.01). The total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Jianwei Xiaowei Decoction can improve the TCM syndrome and pathological state of gastric mucosa in patients with CAG, regulate the secretion of PG, and improve the clinical effect of CAG. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 expression.
Key words: chronic atrophic gastritis    traditional Chinese medicine    Jianwei Xiaowei Decoction    pepsinogen    Janus kinase 2    signal transducers and activators of transcription 3