天津中医药大学学报  2020, Vol. 39 Issue (1): 27-29

文章信息

李峰, 罗水荣, 曾如雪, 来杰锋, 施维群
LI Feng, LUO Shuirong, ZENG Ruxue, LAI Jiefeng, SHI Weiqun
施维群教授辨治非酒精性脂肪肝经验浅析
Professor SHI Weiqun's experience in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
天津中医药大学学报, 2020, 39(1): 27-29
Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020, 39(1): 27-29
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2020.01.06

文章历史

收稿日期: 2019-11-20
施维群教授辨治非酒精性脂肪肝经验浅析
李峰1 , 罗水荣1 , 曾如雪2 , 来杰锋1 , 施维群3,4     
1. 浙江中医药大学 第二临床医学院, 杭州 310053;
2. 江山市人民医院 感染科, 衢州 324100;
3. 浙江省施维群名老中医传承工作室, 杭州 310011;
4. 浙江中医药大学附属第二医院, 杭州 310011
摘要: 非酒精性脂肪肝是一种无过量饮酒史,患者肝细胞内的三酰甘油显著高于正常水平及肝细胞脂肪呈弥漫性变性的一种疾病,随着社会经济的发展,非酒精性脂肪肝的发病率逐年上升,已成为严重危害身体健康的第一大慢性肝病,从长期角度考虑,西药的毒副作用相对较大,不能很好地改善患者的生活质量,施维群教授为省级名中医,有40余年中医临床工作经验,文章从病因病机、用药遣方特点来阐述施维群教授辨治非酒精性脂肪肝的相关经验总结,论述中医治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的确切疗效,临床推广应用以便更好传承发展中医学。
关键词: 非酒精性脂肪肝    中医治疗    经验总结    施维群    
Professor SHI Weiqun's experience in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
LI Feng1 , LUO Shuirong1 , ZENG Ruxue2 , LAI Jiefeng1 , SHI Weiqun3,4     
1. Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Second Clinical Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China;
2. Jiangshan People's Hospital, Quzhou 324100, China;
3. Shi weiqun Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Experts Inheritance Studio, Hangzhou 310011, China;
4. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310011, China
Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a disease with no history of excessive drinking. The triacylglycerol in patients' liver cells is significantly higher than normal and diffuse degeneration of hepatic cells. With the development of social economy, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing year by year, and it has become the first major chronic liver disease that seriously endangers the health of the people. From a long-term perspective, the side effects of western medicine are relatively large, which cannot improve the quality of life of patients. Professor SHI Weiqun is now the provincial famous Chinese medicine doctor who has more than 40 years of experience in clinical work of traditional Chinese medicine. This article describes the experience of Professor SHI Weiqun in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from the etiology and pathogenesis, and discusses the exact curative effect of Chinese medicine on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clinical application and application to better inherit the development of motherland medicine.
Key words: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease    Chinese medicine treatment    experience summary    SHI Weiqun    

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是指除酒精和其他明确的损肝因素外所形成肝细胞内脂肪过度沉积为主要特征的临床病理综合征,长久以来,人们对NAFLD并未引起足够的重视,认为其对健康影响不大,无须太多关注[1]。有关研究表明,随着居民生活水平提高,肥胖症与代谢综合征随之流行,NAFLD的发病率也随之不断上升,其起病隐匿且进展缓慢,已成为中国第一大慢性肝病和健康体检肝脏生物化学指标异常的首要原因[2-3]。如何防治NAFLD成为目前临床科研工作中至关重要的环节,目前临床上西药治疗本病存在药物潜在肝功能损伤因素,尚无特效药,而中医药在防治本病方面有独特优势。

施维群教授,浙江省名中医,全国老中医药专家学术经验继承工作指导老师,从事中医临床工作40余年,擅长运用中西医结合治疗各类肝病。根据多年临床实践,结合中西医治疗优势,取长补短,在NAFLD的治疗方面,形成了自己独特的经验,笔者有幸跟师学习,现将施教授辨治NAFLD临床经验浅析如下。

1 病因病机

非酒精性脂肪肝属中医“肝癖”“胁痛”“积聚”,《难经》有云:“肝之积,名曰肥气。”《千金方·备急千金要方》曰:“肝胀者,胁下满而痛引少腹。”施教授在总结前人经验基础上结合自己临床经验,认为NAFLD多由禀赋不足、饮食不节、劳逸失度、情志失调、久病体虚等病因导致,主要病位在肝,涉及脾、肾等脏腑,肝体用失调、脾肾亏虚为主要特点,痰、湿、浊、瘀、热为主要病理因素,肝体阴而用阳,肝失疏泄,脾失健运,湿热内蕴,痰浊内结,瘀血阻滞,而最终形成痰瘀互结,痹阻于肝脏脉络而发病。或脾胃虚弱,脾失健运,水湿、痰饮内停,久为浊邪,再而成瘀生热。或各种原因产生的痰、湿、浊、瘀、热蕴结肝体,导致本病的发生。

2 遣方用药特点分析 2.1 健脾疏肝贯穿治疗始终

肝主疏泄,其气升发,以血为体,以气为阴,体阴而用阳,肝失疏泄则肝气郁结,郁而化火,久则内耗肝阴,此外,肝气郁而不达,或气滞转化为横逆,均可影响脾胃之纳运,脾为后天之本,主运化,脾虚则气血生化无源,此类患者多出现精神抑郁,闷闷不乐,食欲不振,头晕,疲倦,胁肋胀痛,便溏等症状,施教授深知“见肝之病,只肝传脾,当先实脾”之道,临床尤其重视疏肝健脾之法,贯穿治疗始终,多用茯苓、白芍、柴胡、黄芪、党参、薏苡仁等,当归、白芍、柴胡同用,补肝体而助肝用,疏肝柔肝,茯苓、白术、黄芪、薏苡仁等健脾祛湿,肝郁气滞甚者加香附、郁金,肝郁化火者加牡丹皮、焦山栀。徐亮等[4]研究发现,肝郁脾虚是NAFLD发病及迁延反复的主要病机。

此外,在NAFLD的治疗过程中,施教授喜用调脂方(决明子12 g,炒山楂15 g,丹参15 g)。根据NAFLD的致病因素——痰、湿、浊、瘀选药配制而成,有疏肝解郁、利湿降浊之功效。丹参,味苦,微寒,入心、肝经,《名医别录》言:“养血,去心腹痼疾结气,腰脊强脚痹,除风邪留热。久服利人。”具有活血祛瘀、通经止痛、清心除烦的功效,西医学药理研究显示,丹参可促使毛细血管网增加,促进微循环血液快速流通,增强机体耐缺氧能力[5-7]。山楂,酸、甘,能够消食健胃,行气散瘀,《医学衷中参西录》言:“山楂,若以甘药佐之,化瘀血而不伤新血,开郁气而不伤正气,其性尤和平也。”丹参与山楂配伍,奏行气、活血、化瘀之效,石决明,味甘、苦,入肝、大肠经,清肝明目,润肠通便。山楂决明子共用,有消食化滞、散瘀止痛之功效,施教授对于肝郁脾虚、痰湿内阻、痰瘀互结等证型多加用此方,此外施教授常嘱患者将丹参、决明子、生山楂制成“调脂茶”,沸水冲泡10 min后,频服,以茶代饮,临床疗效明显。陈诚[8]运用调脂茶治疗NAFLD的疗效观察中发现,调脂茶能明显改善NAFLD临床症状,调节血脂,保护肝功能,促进肝脏恢复。

2.2 把握虚实、气血的病机转化

NAFLD病程较长,施教授认为本病随着病情演变,可出现虚实、气血的病机转化,久病脾虚,加之饮食所伤,而生湿热之邪,由虚转实;湿邪内蕴,情志不畅,或劳逸失度,损伤脾胃,则由实转虚。此时应辨证把握虚实轻重,调整扶正祛邪之力,或健脾疏肝为主,或活血化瘀、清热化痰为主,或健脾养阴、祛湿活血并重。施教授认为“初病气结在经,久则血伤于络”虚中夹实病变初起者,以气机不畅为主,疾病多在气分;久病可由气入血,湿热内蕴,阻滞气机,气滞血瘀,阻滞脉络,痰瘀互结于肝脏,病入血分,总结出以胁肋刺痛,夜寐多梦,舌边瘀斑,舌苔白腻,脉弦滑为辨证要点的痰瘀互结证,治疗当以养血祛瘀,化痰散结,药用柴胡、香附、丹参、泽泻、瓜蒌皮、三七粉、当归、茯苓等,若肝肾阴虚者加女贞子、旱莲草,若湿热重者加虎杖、茵陈蒿[9]

3 病案举例

患者女性,53岁,2018年4月1日初诊,体检发现脂肪肝半月余,谷丙转氨酶72 U/L,谷草转氨酶64 U/L,甘油三酯3.82 mmol/L,既往否认病毒性肝炎病史,偶感有肝区胀满不适,轻度乏力,厌食油腻,无头晕头痛,无恶心呕吐,无胸闷气急,胃纳欠佳,舌体胖大,苔白略腻,脉弦滑。西医诊断为NAFLD。中医诊断为肝积,证属肝郁脾虚、湿浊内阻型,法以疏肝健脾、化湿降浊为主,方用逍遥散合调脂方加减,药用当归10 g,炒白芍10 g,柴胡9 g,茯苓12 g,炒白术10 g,黄芪15 g,炒枳壳6 g,生甘草6 g,茵陈蒿9 g,川芎6 g,丹参15 g,炒山楂10 g,决明子12 g,三七花6 g,金钱草20 g,荷叶5 g,丝瓜络12 g,红花5 g,沉香曲8 g。共7剂,每日1剂,早晚温服。2018年4月8日2诊,患者乏力稍好转,舌脉同前,按原方去荷叶,加郁金10 g,再14剂。2018年4月22日3诊,患者肝区不适明显好转,胃口改善,舌淡苔白,边有齿痕,脉弦滑,原方去三七花,加泽泻10 g,红曲6 g,再14剂。后再随症加减,1月后复查,患者肝功能提示谷丙转氨酶48 U/L,谷草转氨酶34 U/L,甘油三酯1.96 mmol/L。

按语:患者中年女性,体型偏胖,平日活动较少,以症状及舌脉判断,考虑肝郁脾虚、痰湿内蕴,故用逍遥散合调脂方以疏肝健脾,化湿降浊,柴胡疏肝解郁,调达肝气,白术、茯苓健脾祛湿,黄芪补气,茵陈蒿、金钱草清热利湿,丹参、决明子、炒山楂组成调脂方疏肝化瘀、利湿降脂,2诊时患者症状稍减,取原方思路,加郁金以行气,3诊患者症状明显好转,考虑辨证治疗有效,然患者痰湿体质,长投健脾祛湿之品,去三七花加红曲、泽泻等降浊。

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