天津中医药大学学报  2020, Vol. 39 Issue (2): 179-182

文章信息

王子如, 任青玲, 赵阅
WANG Ziru, REN Qingling, ZHAO Yue
蛇床子散熏洗结合口服中药治疗外阴色素减退性疾病临床观察
Clinical observation on the treatment of vulvar white lesion with common cnidium fruit powder combined with oral taking Chinese medicine
天津中医药大学学报, 2020, 39(2): 179-182
Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2020, 39(2): 179-182
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2020.02.13

文章历史

收稿日期: 2019-10-10
蛇床子散熏洗结合口服中药治疗外阴色素减退性疾病临床观察
王子如1 , 任青玲2 , 赵阅3     
1. 南京中医药大学附属医院, 泰州市中医院, 泰州 225300;
2. 江苏省中医院, 南京 210029;
3. 苏北人民医院, 扬州 225000
摘要: [目的] 观察蛇床子散加减方局部熏洗外阴结合口服中药治疗外阴色素减退性疾病的临床疗效。[方法] 临床观察40例中医辨证为肝肾阴虚的围绝经期外阴色素减退性疾病患者,按就诊先后顺序将患者随机分组:治疗组采用补益肝肾中药内服配合蛇床子散加减局部熏洗外阴的方法治疗,于经前期每日早晚分次口服外用,每4周为1个疗程,经期停用。连续治疗3个疗程。对照组予西药曲安奈德软膏局部用药3个月。分别在6个月、12个月时随访,观察其近期疗效、远期疗效及治疗前后的临床症状评分。[结果] 治愈12例(30%),显效22例(55%),好转4例(10%),无效2例(5%),近期总有效率95%。随访12个月,有效34例,复发6例,远期总有效率85%。对照组治愈10例(25%),显效17例(42.5%),好转6例(15%),无效7例(17.5%),近期总有效率82.5%。随访12个月,有效25例,复发15例,远期总有效率62.5%。两组近期有效率无统计学差异,远期有效率对比有统计学差异,治疗组远期有效率明显高于对照组。两组治疗前后临床症状均显著改善,且治疗组症状改善优于对照组,差异有统计学意义。[结论] 蛇床子散加减方熏洗外阴配合中药内服补肝益肾,是一种疗效确切,安全无创的治疗方法,值得临床进一步推广应用。
关键词: 蛇床子散加减方    中药熏洗    中药内服    外阴色素减退性疾病    
Clinical observation on the treatment of vulvar white lesion with common cnidium fruit powder combined with oral taking Chinese medicine
WANG Ziru1 , REN Qingling2 , ZHAO Yue3     
1. Taizhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou 225300, China;
2. Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China;
3. The Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
Abstract: [Objective] To observe the clinical curative effect of cnidium fruit powder fumigation and washing of vulva in combination with oral taking Chinese medicine in treating vulvar white lesion. [Methods] Clinical observation of 80 cases of perimenopausal vulvar hypopigmentation patients with syndrome of liver-kidney yin deficiency based on traditional Chinese medicine. The patients were randomly divided into groups according to the order of treatment:the treatment group used tonifying liver and kidney herbs orally and cnidium fruit powder fumigation and washing of vulva. The vulva washing method is applied daily in the morning and evening in the premenstrual period. It is a course of treatment every 4 weeks, and is discontinued during menstruation. 3 consecutive courses of treatment. The control group was given topical application of western medicine triamcinolone ointment for 3 months. Follow-up was performed at 6 months and 12 months to observe the short-term effect, long-term effect, and clinical symptom score before and after treatment. [Results] The treatment group was cured in 12 cases (30%), markedly effective in 22 cases (55%), improved in 4 cases (10%), and ineffective in 2 cases (5%). The recent total effective rate was 95%, and the follow-up was 12 months. There were 34 cases and 6 cases of recurrence. The total long-term effective rate was 85%. The control group was cured in 10 cases (25%), markedly effective in 17 cases (42.5%), improved in 6 cases (15%), ineffective in 7 cases (17.5%), and the total effective rate in the near future was 82.5%. Followed up for 12 months, 25 cases were effective, 15 cases recurred, and the total long-term effective rate was 62.5%. There was no statistical difference in the near-term efficiency between the two groups, and there was a statistical difference between the long-term efficiency. The long-term efficiency in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group.The clinical symptoms before and after treatment were significant, the difference was statistically significant, and the improvement of symptoms in the treatment group was better than that in the control group. [Conclusion] Cnidium fruit powder Fumigation and Washing of Vulva combined with traditional Chinese medicine orally tonifying liver and kidney, is an accurate, safe and non-invasive treatment method, which is worthy of further clinical application.
Key words: common cnidium fruit powder    traditional Chinese medicine fumigation    oral medicinal herbs    vulvar white lesion    

外阴色素减退性疾病是一组以瘙痒为主要症状、外阴皮肤色素减退为主要体征的慢性妇科病变,又称外阴上皮内非瘤样病变、外阴白色病变。其临床表现主要有病变区瘙痒剧烈,可伴有烧灼感,日久发生外阴皮肤黏膜皱缩、色素减退甚至性交困难。近年的资料显示其癌变率仅为2%~5%[1],但本病可发生于任何年龄,以围绝经期妇女多见,患者可产生明显不适和心理困扰,严重影响日常生活甚至家庭的稳定性,因此日益受到关注。临床上西医治疗方法多样,但只能暂时缓解症状,不良反应明显,停药后极易复发。越来越多的患者开始寻求更为安全有效的中医药疗法。任青玲教授用蛇床子散加减方局部熏洗外阴配合中药内服治疗40例围绝经期外阴色素减退性疾病患者,获得满意临床疗效,现总结如下。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

选取2017年4月—2018年4月于江苏省中医院就诊的80例门诊患者,年龄45~55岁之间,诊断为外阴色素减退性疾病,病程1~2年。按就诊先后顺序将患者随机分组:治疗组予中药口服联合蛇床子散熏洗外阴3个月, 对照组予西药曲安奈德软膏局部用药3个月。治疗后6个月、12个月评价临床疗效。

1.2 治疗方法

治疗组:内服中药,药物组成:熟地黄10 g,山茱萸10 g,山药10 g,泽泻10 g,云茯苓15 g,枸杞子10 g,菟丝子10 g,醋柴胡9 g,麸炒白术15 g,甘草6 g等,结合患者具体病症的不同,辨证加减药物。每日1剂,早晚分服,经期停服。外用蛇床子散加减方,药物组成:蛇床子30 g,苦参20 g,黄柏10 g,花椒6 g,龙胆草20 g,威灵仙10 g,生百部15 g,焦栀子10 g等。每日1剂,水煎2次熏洗,将药汁置于窄口盆内,先以蒸汽熏蒸外阴,待水温适度后擦洗外阴,早晚各1次,每次10~15 min,经期停用。对照组:每日早晚温水坐浴擦洗后,局部涂抹曲安奈德软膏,经期停用。均以4周1个疗程,连续用药3个月(3个疗程),6个月、12个月随访。期间严禁性生活。

1.3 疗效判定标准 1.3.1 近期疗效标准

治愈:外阴瘙痒症状消失,妇科检查外阴颜色、形态、弹性基本恢复正常,疗效指数≥80%,随访半年无复发。显效:外阴瘙痒症状明显减轻或消失,外阴颜色、形态、弹性明显好转,疗效指数60%~79%,随访半年无复发。好转:外阴瘙痒减轻,外阴颜色、形态、弹性较前改善,疗效指数20%~59%,随访半年复发。无效:症状无改变或只有症状减轻,停药后症状如前,疗效指数<20%。

1.3.2 远期疗效标准

有效:瘙痒症状完全消失或明显减轻,外阴色素减退部位皮肤黏膜有色素沉着,弹性、完整性基本正常,随访1年无复发。复发:症状、体征恢复到治疗前状态。

1.4 观察指标

疗效方面参考外阴上皮内非瘤变临床评分表,详见表 1。安全性方面,关注有无皮肤过敏、肝功能损害等不良反应。

表 1 VINN临床评分表
1.5 疗效评价

治疗3个月,分别于6个月、12个月时观察近期、远期疗效。按照外阴上皮内非瘤变(VINN)临床评分表计算疗效指数,疗效指数=(治疗前合计分值-治疗后合计分值)/治疗前合计分值×100%。例如:治疗前评分11,治疗后评分0.5,套入公式,疗效指数=(11-0.5)÷11=0.954×100%=95.4%,属治愈标准范围。总有效率=(治愈例数+显效例数+好转例数)/总病例数×100%。

1.6 统计学处理

采用SPSS 23.0进行统计学分析,计数资料采用百分率表示,计量资料以均数±标准差()表示,治疗前后患者症状评分改善情况采用配对样本t检验,以P < 0.05为差别有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 疗效评定

治疗3个疗程随访6个月,治疗组40例患者,治愈12例(30%),显效22例(55%),好转4例(10%),无效2例(5%),近期总有效率95%。随访12个月,有效34例,复发6例,远期总有效率87.5%。对照组治愈10例(25%),显效17例(42.5%),好转6例(15%),无效7例(17.5%),近期总有效率82.5%。随访12个月,有效25例,复发15例,远期总有效率62.5%。治疗组与对照组近期总有效率无显著差异,远期总有效率有显著差异。见表 2-3

表 2 两组近期有效率比较
表 3 两组远期有效率比较
2.2 症状积分情况

两组患者治疗前后患者症状均改善,治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组治疗后症状积分有统计学差异,治疗组在改善症状方面较对照组效果更显著,见表 4

表 4 治疗前后症状积分
2.3 不良反应

两组治疗过程中均未发生过敏、肝损害等不良反应。

3 讨论

外阴色素减退性疾病的发病机制尚不明确,西医学多认为与遗传、免疫、感染等因素相关。因其病因不明,病程较长,极易反复且症状明显,属于难治性疾病。西医以局部干预为主,采取药物、物理及手术治疗等外治法。药物以氢化可的松、丙酸睾酮等激类素药物为主,疗效确切、起效迅速,但长期应用不良反应明显,用药过程需要密切随访。物理治疗主要有聚焦超声、激光、微波、仿生物电刺激等,长期疗效有待观察,费用较高,且相关治疗仪器未能得到普遍推广,因此临床应用局限。而手术治疗严重影响患处外观与局部功能,术后并发症使生活质量受到影响,且复发率高,故临床不作首选。

中医古籍中并无对此病名的记载,依据其临床表现,可将其归属为中医学中的“阴痒”“阴疮”“带下病”等范畴[2]。近代对其最早的记载,见于由刘敏如教授编写的《中医妇科学》教材——女阴白色病变证,并对其治疗进行了详细的阐述,填补了中医学的空白。历代医家认为本病内多责于肝、脾、肾三脏功能失调,外多与风、热、燥、湿之邪侵袭人体有关。现代医家洪家铁认为本病无论正虚还是邪实,其根本均在肝肾,治疗时应注重肝脾肾三脏,调理冲任,辅以“杀虫止痒、清热利湿、养血祛风”[3]

根据经络循行规律,肝脉绕阴器,主疏泄及藏血;肾主生殖、藏精,精血同源,开窍于前后二阴。“女子七七,任脉虚,太冲脉衰少,天癸竭。”围绝经期妇女生理上易出现肝肾阴虚,精血不足,阴部肌肤失于濡养,阴虚生风化燥,风动则痒,皮肤枯槁无华。而“女子以肝为先天”“气郁质”偏颇体质在妇科疾病中尤为常见,在围绝经期女性中更为显著,表现为中年妇女肝郁易怒,日久化热。刘完素提出:“妇人童幼……天癸已绝,乃属太阴经也。”认为七七之后妇女发病应责于太阴,脾虚湿盛,与热互结,流注下焦,浸淫阴部,发为阴痒。故围绝经期的该病患者多以肝肾阴虚兼夹脾虚湿热证者多见,当从中医整体观入手,标本并治,内以补肝阴、填肾精固本,辅以健脾宁心,提摄机体正气,外以清热燥湿、杀虫止痒除标,缓解外在症状。

蛇床子散出自《金匮要略·妇人杂病脉证并治》,原方用于寒湿带下的外治法[4]。导师选用蛇床子散加减方外用熏洗缓解症状,方中蛇床子、仙灵脾温肾阳而祛风除湿,既使肝肾得补,亦求脏腑阴阳调和,蛇床子对女子外阴瘙痒有奇效,现代药理证实其止痒机制与拮抗组胺的释放有关[5];苦参、黄柏清热燥湿,《本草汇言》中言及苦参“祛风泻火,燥湿杀虫之药也”。具有抑制霉菌和抗炎消肿的药理作用;花椒温中燥湿,龙胆草苦寒之品,为清热利湿解毒之要药;土茯苓解毒祛湿,《本草纲目》中记载其有“健脾胃,强筋骨,去风湿……止泄泻”之功用,故可补脾生肌护肤。寒温并用,意在取其辛温发散之性,燥湿解毒之功,有去性存用之意。大量文献证实[6-9],用温热药物熏蒸局部,可以改善局部血液循环,软化角质层,促使毛囊、汗腺等皮肤附属器开放,促进药物吸收,组织修复和再生,使病变皮肤颜色恢复正常。药物擦洗使药物直接作用于患部,直达病所,起效迅速,同时减轻药物毒性对机体的损害,避免了口服大量苦寒、燥烈药物伤胃、伤津之虞。

导师临症灵活运用药物、剂型及方法,是中医治疗慢性、难治性疾病的优势所在,“外治之理,即内治之理,外治之药亦即内治之药,所异者,法耳”。文章通过临床观察发现,中药熏洗联合内服可显著改善患者症状,提高患者生活质量,促进家庭和谐,使患者心情舒畅,而良好的心态又能进一步促进疾病的恢复。因此,蛇床子散加减方熏洗外阴配合中药内服补益肝肾,分治标本,减毒增效,是一种有效、安全的治疗方法,值得临床推广。由于本次研究的病例数有限,非大样本数据,故可能有一定的局限性,在后期研究中将进一步完善数据及进行分层分析。

参考文献
[1]
谢幸, 孔北华, 段涛.妇产科学[M].第9版.北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018: 234-236.
XIE X, KONG B H, DUAN T. Obstetrics and gynecology[M]. 9th Edition. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2018: 234-236.
[2]
谈勇.中医妇科学[M].第10版.北京: 中国中医药出版社, 2016: 262-264.
TAN Y. Gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine[M]. 10th Edition. Beijing: China Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2016: 262-264.
[3]
赵文文, 洪家铁. 洪家铁治疗外阴白色病变经验总结[J]. 辽宁中医杂志, 2012, 39(7): 1236-1237.
ZHAO W W, HONG J T. Summary of HONG Jiatie's experience in treating white lesions of vulva[J]. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012, 39(7): 1236-1237.
[4]
郑世军, 夏旋. 《金匮要略》外治方在皮肤病中的应用[J]. 现代中医药, 2016, 36(6): 105-107.
ZHENG S J, XIA X. Application of Wai Zhi Decoction in Skin Diseases in Jinkui Yaolue[J]. Modern Chinese Medicine, 2016, 36(6): 105-107.
[5]
刘明平, 吴依娜, 韦品清, 等. 蛇床子止痒有效组分筛选及作用机制研究[J]. 中医药导报, 2009, 15(7): 66-67.
LIU M P, WU Y N, WEI P Q, et al. Screening and effective mechanism of antipruritic components of Cnidium cuneifolia[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2009, 15(7): 66-67.
[6]
王娟, 李升华. 高强度聚焦超声联合中药治疗外阴白色病变的临床疗效观察[J]. 中国计划生育学杂志, 2014, 22(12): 834-836.
WANG J, LI S H. Observation of clinical efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of white lesions of the vulva[J]. Chinese Journal of Family Planning, 2014, 22(12): 834-836.
[7]
潘怡. 中药熏洗结合局部上药微波导热治疗外阴白色病变50例临床观察[J]. 世界中西医结合杂志, 2016, 11(2): 201-203.
PAN Y. Clinical observation on 50 cases of white lesions of vulva treated by fumigation and washing with traditional Chinese medicine combined with local application of microwave heat conduction[J]. World Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 2016, 11(2): 201-203.
[8]
高璐, 王翠霞. 王翠霞教授治疗外阴白斑的经验总结[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2013, 15(4): 203-204.
GAO L, WANG C X. Summary of Professor Wang Cuixia's experience in treating vulvar leukoplakia[J]. Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2013, 15(4): 203-204.
[9]
陈继正, 金季玲. 金季玲教授中药熏洗法治疗外阴白色病变验案1则[J]. 吉林中医药, 2012, 32(8): 851.
CHEN J Z, JIN J L. One case of Professor Jin Jiling's Chinese medicine fumigation and washing method for treating white lesions of vulva[J]. Jilin Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012, 32(8): 851.