天津中医药大学学报  2021, Vol. 40 Issue (1): 78-80

文章信息

孙琰婷, 梁宏涛, 姚一博, 陆金根, 王琛
SUN Yanting, LIANG Hongtao, YAO Yibo, LU Jingen, WANG Chen
直肠前突绑缚术联合益气开秘方治疗混合型便秘医案
A medical record of binding rectocele repair combined with "Yiqi Kaimi Formulation" in the treatment of mixed functional constipation
天津中医药大学学报, 2021, 40(1): 78-80
Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021, 40(1): 78-80
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2021.01.15

文章历史

收稿日期: 2020-10-17
直肠前突绑缚术联合益气开秘方治疗混合型便秘医案
孙琰婷 , 梁宏涛 , 姚一博 , 陆金根 , 王琛     
上海中医药大学附属龙华医院肛肠科, 上海 200032
摘要: 介绍陆金根教授辨治混合型便秘医案1则,采用“直肠前突绑缚术”纠正排便结构异常,联合“益气开秘方”自拟中药方益气养阴、润肠通便。从影像学检查、手术方案、围手术期处理、术后中药内服4个方面阐述疾病的诊治经过,针对病因开展相应治疗,体现中医内外合治诊疗思路。
关键词: 混合型便秘    绑缚治疗    益气开秘方    名医经验    
A medical record of binding rectocele repair combined with "Yiqi Kaimi Formulation" in the treatment of mixed functional constipation
SUN Yanting , LIANG Hongtao , YAO Yibo , LU Jingen , WANG Chen     
Department of Anal and Intestinal Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
Abstract: This is a medical record of mixed functional constipation diagnosedand treated by Professor LU Jingen, with the therapeutic method of binding rectocele repair to correct abnormal structure of defecation allied with self-drafted "Yiqi Kaimi Formulation" to invigorate qi and nourishing yin, as well as relaxing bowel. To elaborate the diagnosis and treatment process through four perspectives, imageological examinations, operative plan, management of perioperative period and postoperative oral intake of Chinese medicine decoction are described in details. Etiological treatment has been carried out to reflect thoughts of the combination of internal and external treatments in traditional Chinese Medicine on the diagnosis and therapy.
Key words: mixed functional constipation    binding repair    Yiqi Kaimi Formulation    experience of famous doctor    

随着人们生活节奏加快和饮食结构精细化,慢性功能性便秘已逐步成为当代常见胃肠功能紊乱的疾病。据统计全球便秘发病率大约为14%,女性多于男性,且随着年龄增大,发病率逐渐上升[1]。慢性便秘由多种原因引起,其中慢传输型便秘是以肠道内粪便传输过程缓慢、进食后结肠高振幅推进性收缩活动减少为特征[2]。而直肠前突则多因直肠阴道隔薄弱致使直肠形成突向阴道的卵圆形膨出,属于松弛性出口梗阻型便秘[3]。同时存在结肠传输延缓和直肠前突的混合型便秘,临床上较为常见,以排便次数减少、粪便干硬、排便不尽感、需手法辅助排便为主要表现[4-5]

陆金根教授系上海市名中医,全国中医学术流派传承顾氏外科工作室负责人,积累40余年肛肠疾病诊疗经验,将中医外治改良绑缚法与益气养阴中药方剂口服相结合,形成独具特色的诊治经验[6]。现就陆金根教授运用直肠前突绑缚术联合益气开秘方治疗混合型便秘医案1则进行分析。

1 典型病案

患者女性,29岁。2019年3月28日初诊,因“排便困难近3年”入院。患者自2016年5月妊娠起出现大便困难,孕期排便8~9 d 1行,质偏硬,呈团块状,便后不尽感明显。顺产后排便4~5 d 1行,需服多种通便类泻药方可排解。自觉蹲位排便顺畅,需手助排便。本院门诊肛指检查:直肠前壁1个卵圆形突向阴道的薄弱区,深度约3 cm。刻下患者排便3~4 d 1行,排出困难,偶有腹胀腹痛,便质干硬。

入院完善检查,结肠传输试验:80%以上的标记物在72 h内无法传输至直肠。排粪造影:坐位力排时前突深度为2.87 cm,蹲位力排时前突深度为2.67 cm。

2019年4月2日患者在腰椎麻醉下行经肛直肠前突绑缚术,取俯卧折刀位,消毒肛管及阴道下段,置入扩肛器,充分暴露直肠前壁,左手食指于阴道内保护,于直肠下端前突顶部用2-0可吸收线8字缝合固定一针,同线沿前突部轴线自上而下至齿线附近,缝合从一侧缘外0.5 cm进针,跨前突部位,至另一侧缘外0.5 cm出针,深度达黏膜下层及部分肌层。术后应用抗生素3 d,预防感染。每日两次换药,甲硝唑栓纳肛。患者结肠传输缓慢,联合中药口服治疗。查患者舌红,苔薄而干,边略有齿痕,脉细,证属气阴亏损,治以益气养阴,拟益气开秘方加减,组成:黄芪45 g,白术45 g,生地45 g,玄参30 g,麦门冬15 g,南沙参15 g,北沙参15 g,当归30 g,瓜蒌27 g,枳实30 g,厚朴15 g,桔梗15 g,火麻仁30 g,莱菔子30 g甘草9 g。共14剂,每日1剂,水煎300 mL,早晚两次,餐后温服。

术后第3天,患者排便,便质稍硬,呈条状,无排便不尽感。术后第7天,排便间隔天数递减为2 d 1行,便质软,矢气较前明显增多。肛指检查:直肠下段前侧创面平整,前突不明显,指套无染血,患者出院。出院后继续口服中药,在原方基础上根据患者刻下症状进行加减。两周后复诊,述每日排便1次,质软成形,量适中,肛指检查:无前突体征。

2 讨论

陆金根教授认为便秘根本病因在于“气虚”或“气滞”及“阴虚”或“血瘀”。“气为血之帅,血为气之母”。妇人妊娠,尤以气血为本,产后气血阴液难复,致使机体常处于气虚阴亏血少的状态[7]。气虚无力则滞,血行不畅则瘀。加之顺产时用力努挣,损伤盆底肌肉、韧带及筋膜,局部直肠阴道隔变薄,致使排便时直肠前壁及阴道后壁易发生前突,形成形态结构之“虚”象。

本案患者的慢性便秘同时存在排便出口梗阻和结肠传输缓慢,对于此类混合型便秘患者的治疗,陆教授主张将“中医外科绑缚法”与“中药内服”相结合,采用“直肠前突绑缚术”纠正直肠排便结构异常,联合“益气开秘方”自拟中药方内外合治,可取得理想疗效。运用中医“绑缚疗法”理论,经肛门将前突的直肠前壁纵行绑缚。术中左手辅助将阴道后壁向直肠方向顶起,明确绑缚层次,防止损伤阴道。多次消毒肛管及直肠,降低创面感染风险。缝合深度必须达到直肠前壁肌层,才能起到加固薄弱前突的效果。绑缚法是中医外科传统治疗方法,主要起到加压固定作用,改良绑缚术亦可运用于重度混合痔的治疗[8]

益气开秘方是陆金根教授根据便秘的病因病机,吸纳古代验方精华,基于临床实践经验所创立,针对慢传输型便秘,以益气养阴为治则,随症加减。方中重用黄芪补气升阳,重用白术益气健脾;生地、玄参、麦门冬、南沙参、北沙参合用,取法“增液汤”,意在增水行舟,滋阴救液,生津润燥;当归养血润燥,枳实下气除满;厚朴行气消胀,莱菔子降气化痰;瓜蒌宽胸理气,桔梗宣畅肺气;火麻仁润肠通便;甘草清热兼调和诸药。

对于兼有“慢传输”和“出口梗阻”的混合型便秘治疗,陆金根教授将中医传统外治疗法与中药内服机体调节两者结合,采用直肠前突绑缚术联合益气开秘方,在纠正直肠前突角度后,经四诊合参、整体辨证,通过调节人体气血津液阴阳平衡,从源头上采取个体化精准治疗,消除患者排便困难的根本病因,扬中医内外合治之长,提高混合型便秘的临床诊治疗效。

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