天津中医药大学学报  2021, Vol. 40 Issue (4): 483-490

文章信息

李泓涛, 陈骥, 李晶, 刘兴星, 叶旸真, 杜元灏
LI Hongtao, CHEN Ji, LI Jing, LIU Xingxing, YE Yangzhen, DU Yuanhao
基于随机对照试验分析杵针疗法优势病种
Analysis of dominant diseases of pestle needle therapy based on randomized controlled trials
天津中医药大学学报, 2021, 40(4): 483-490
Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021, 40(4): 483-490
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2021.04.16

文章历史

收稿日期: 2021-02-16
基于随机对照试验分析杵针疗法优势病种
李泓涛1,2,3 , 陈骥4 , 李晶1,2 , 刘兴星3 , 叶旸真1,2,3 , 杜元灏1,2     
1. 天津中医药大学第一附属医院, 天津 300193;
2. 国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心, 天津 300381;
3. 天津中医药大学, 天津 301617;
4. 成都中医药大学, 成都 610072
摘要: [目的] 探究杵针优势病种及应用现状,以更好指导临床和推广使用。[方法] 检索中国知网(CNKI)、Pubmed等8个国内外数据库,筛选全部含有“杵针”且“针灸”的文献,运用文献计量学方法统计年度发表数量、病种分类,筛选随机对照试验(RCT)文献,RCT ≥ 5篇确定为优势病种,选取RCT ≥ 10篇的病种RCT进行循证评价、疗效分析。[结果] 共筛选出临床文献169篇,RCT70篇,最终纳入RCT ≥ 10篇的3个病种共计34篇RCT。杵针适应症覆盖8个疾病系统,达到40种,优势病种6个,集中在骨伤科系统的腰椎间盘突出症、颈椎病和内科系统的失眠、抑郁症、脑卒中,外科系统的糖尿病足。通过分析发现RCT ≥ 10的3个病种均属于杵针治疗I类病谱,临床总有效率均在89%以上。[结论] 现有杵针优势病种较为广泛,优势病种较为集中,以腰椎间盘突出症、颈椎病、失眠为代表。但其治疗适应症和优势病种是动态变化的,仍有拓展潜力。
关键词: 杵针    优势病种    随机对照试验    文献研究    
Analysis of dominant diseases of pestle needle therapy based on randomized controlled trials
LI Hongtao1,2,3 , CHEN Ji4 , LI Jing1,2 , LIU Xingxing3 , YE Yangzhen1,2,3 , DU Yuanhao1,2     
1. First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China;
2. National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China;
3. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medical, Tianjin 301617, China;
4. Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medical, Chengdu 610072, China
Abstract: [Objective] To explore the dominant diseases and application status of pestle needle, so as to better guide the clinical application and popularization. [Methods] CNKI, PubMed and other eight domestic and foreign databases were searched to screen all the literatures containing "pestle needle" and "acupuncture". The number of published articles and classification of diseases were counted by bibliometric method. Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) literatures were screened. RCT ≥ 5 was identified as the dominant disease, and RCT ≥ 10 was selected for evidence-based evaluation and curative effect analysis. [Results] A total of 169 clinical literatures and 70 RCTs were screened, and 34 RCTs with RCT ≥ 10 were included. The indications of pestle and needle covered eight disease systems, reaching 40 kinds, and 6 dominant diseases, focusing on lumbar disc herniation and cervical spondylosis in orthopedics and traumatology system, insomnia, depression, stroke in internal medicine system, and diabetic foot in surgical system. Through analysis, it was found that the three diseases of RCT ≥ 10 all belonged to class I disease spectrum treated with pestle needle, and the total clinical effective rate was above 89%. [Conclusion] At present, the dominant diseases of pestle and needle are more extensive and concentrated, which are represented by lumbar disc herniation, cervical spondylosis and insomnia. But its indications and dominant diseases are dynamic changes, and still have the potential to expand.
Key words: pestle needle    dominant disease    randomized controlled trial    literature research    

杵针疗法[1]是由李氏家族入川始祖李尔绯师从如幻觉真人所学,后经第14代传人成都中医药大学李仲愚教授所继承[2],并且结合自身50多年的临床经验发展起来的特色针灸疗法。杵针针具共有4套,即奎星笔、七耀混元杵、五星三台杵、金刚杵(图 1),临床使用多采用点刺按压、行运八阵穴、八廓穴(均为杵针疗法特色取穴)、河车路(杵针疗法中对于人体气血经络运行通路的统称)等手法,临床治疗[2]以不破皮的针刺方式,将针灸和推拿精髓巧妙融合,避免人群针刺恐惧心理,杜绝感染,而易于临床推广。

注:从左至右分别是奎星笔、七耀混元杵、五星三台杵、金刚杵,以七耀混元杵为例分析。 图 1 杵针示意图

杜元灏教授最早于2002年提出“针灸治疗四级病谱” [3],这使得针灸循证病谱研究获得广泛关注。近些年针灸循证病谱研究多集中在传统针灸治疗,而特色针灸,尤其是关于杵针循证病谱研究处于空白地位。广大医务工作者及患者群体对于杵针优势病种和优势方案一直得不到很好的了解和认识。此外长期以来,杵针源于四川,用于四川,局限于四川,没有得到其他地区足够的临床重视和推广,从而制约了杵针学科的进一步发展。循证医学研究依托于高质量的循证医学证据,尤其是以随机对照试验(RCT)作为最高级别的循证证据形态[4],本研究基于循证病谱的研究方法,以杵针疗法为研究对象,探求杵针的现代文献研究状况,提取杵针随机对照试验,筛选优势病种,为杵针临床应用推广提供参考。

1 资料与方法 1.1 数据库与检索方法

选定Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Medline四大外文数据库,通过“高级检索”中选择“All text/field”(全字段)检索“Chuzhen OR Pestle Needle”AND“acupuncture”为主题词进行检索。选定国内4大医学数据库,即中国知网(CNKI)、万方、中国生物医学数据库(CBM)、重庆维普(VIP)通过“高级检索”中选定任意字段或者全字段检索“杵针”(精确)AND“针灸”(精确)为主题词进行检索。8个数据库的检索时间范围为1978年1月1日—2020年7月28日。

1.2 纳入标准

RCT,治疗组采用单独杵针或者联合其他治疗方法。

1.3 排除标准

1)动物实验、综述、理论探讨、个案报道等研究文献。2)硕博士毕业论文和会议论文。3)重复发表文献,研究总病例数少于20例。4)未明确提出诊断纳入标准及数据缺失的文献。

1.4 文献筛选及资料提取

1)发表趋势:将全部搜索文献近十年(2010-2019年)的文献进行统计,以分析近十年的年度发表趋势。2)疾病系统与种类划分:参照国家中医药管理局颁布的中医病证诊断疗效标准[5]与国家卫康委[6]印发的《国际疾病分类第十一次修订本(ICD-11)中文版》(ICD-11 MMS简明编码列表)进行分类,没有西医对照病名的采用中医病名命名。3)适应症与优势病种:具有文献报道的疾病均视为适应症,RCT数量[7]不少于5篇的视为优势病种。4)循证评价:由2名研究者分别对于RCT数量大于10的疾病进行循证评价与疗效分析,以验证其可信性,如果出现分歧加入第3名研究者协商解决。5)病例数与临床疗效:基于文献原始数据进行统计分析。

1.5 统计学处理

全部搜索文献题录导入Noteexpress 3.3建立数据库,进行查重并删除重复文献,通过手工分类筛选,文献数据录入Excel进行统计计算,通过Graphpad 7.0绘制统计图。

2 结果 2.1 文献筛选流程

共检索出文献321篇,其中Pubmed 9篇、Embase 5篇、Cochrane Library 5篇、Medline 0篇、CNKI 183篇、万方61篇、CBM、53篇,VIP(维普)5篇。经过筛选出70篇RCT,选取RCT≥10的3个病种文献共34篇纳入最终研究,文献筛选过程采用PRISMA标准,见图 2

图 2 文献检索与筛选分类统计流程图
2.2 文献发表趋势

通过Graphpad7.0版绘制近十年(2010—2019年)文献发表频次图,近十年共发表文献量143篇,占全部搜索文献量(321篇)的68.10%,年平均发表 14.3篇。见图 3

图 3 近十年(2010—2019年)文献发表频次图
2.3 文献适应症与优势病种

根据初筛文献分类中的169篇临床文献进行分类统计,发现杵针疗法覆盖8个系统共40种适应症,其中优势病种(RCT≥5篇)有6个,即内科系统失眠、抑郁症、脑卒中,骨伤科系统腰椎间盘突出症、颈椎病,外科系统糖尿病足。选定RCT≥10篇的病种3个即腰椎间盘突出症(14)、颈椎病(10)和失眠(10)共34篇RCT进行循证分析和疗效评价。见表 1

表 1 杵针疗法各适应症及对应文献数量(n=169)
2.4 34篇RCT循证评价

由两名评价员独立根据改良的JADAD证据进行质量评价,如果遇到分歧,引入第3名评价员参与讨论并协商决定。见表 2

表 2 腰椎间盘突出症、颈椎病、失眠纳入研究的改良JADAD质量评价表

其中腰椎间盘突出症、失眠、颈椎病的平均改良JADAD评分分别为3.57、2.6、2.6分。在杜元灏教授[8]编著的《现代针灸病谱中》腰椎间盘突出症(ICD-11编码[6]:FA80.9)的治疗推荐等级为Ⅱ级,颈椎病(ICD-11编码[6]:8B93.8)治疗推荐等级根据分型划分,其中颈型颈椎病为Ⅰ级,神经根型颈椎病、椎动脉型颈椎病为Ⅱ级,交感型颈椎病与脊髓型颈椎病为Ⅲ级,失眠(ICD-11编码[6]:L1-7A0)针灸治疗推荐等级为I级(轻中度非器质性失眠)。

参考张议元[9]及胡幼平[10]的针灸治疗肌肉骨骼系统及结缔组织和神经系统循证病谱等级研究标准,3种疾病均属于I级病谱。3种疾病的现有的Meta分析[11-14](其中Meta分析均包含上述RCT研究)显示杵针在治疗腰椎间盘突出症、颈椎病、失眠较常规疗法具有较好的治疗效果,见表 3

表 3 杵针治疗Meta分析统计表(n=4 002)
2.5 34篇RCT临床疗效

根据对照组的不同划分为6个亚组,即针刺组14项(常规针刺9项,电针5项),药物组7项(西药3项,中药4项),护理组6项(常规护理5项,心理护理1项),康复组4项(蜡疗1项,现代康复1项,微波治疗1项,足疗法1项),耳穴组2项,推拿组1项。其中药物组西药3组分别为双氯芬酸钠(腰椎间盘突出症),甘露醇和地塞米松(腰椎间盘突出症),地西泮(失眠)。

在临床疗效中,统计发现RCT中杵针治疗腰椎间盘突出症[15-24]n=925)的总有效率为89%(413/464)优于对照组81.34%(375/461),在视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分方面[25-28]n=570)也优于对照组。杵针治疗颈椎病[29-37]n=765)的总有效率为94.26%(361/383)优于对照组81.94%(313/382),在VAS评分方面[29-32, 37]n=447)杵针治疗优于对照组。杵针治疗失眠[38-41]n=335)的总有效率为89.22%(149/167)优于对照组76.79%(129/168),杵针治疗在匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)[38-39, 41-46]总评分方面(n=746)优于对照组,3个病种34篇RCT治疗组有效率为91.03%(923/1014)优于对照组80.81%(817/1011),且上述3个病种数据统计P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。

3 讨论

杵针疗法为[48]中国医经所未载,道藏典籍所未见之绝学。研究发现[19, 49]杵针在刺激神经的同时,还可以松解腰部肌肉组织,神经根周围得到减压,消除水肿。同时杵针治疗[27]可以显著改善身体疼痛炎性介质水平。自2010年针灸申遗成功后,特色针灸项目也获得了社会各界广泛关注。2020年12月18日,国家文化和旅游部[50]正式公布了第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性名录推荐项目名单,李仲愚杵针疗法作为四川省唯一入选“传统医药· 中医针疗法”单元的项目。通过整理发现,34篇RCT发表于四川的有29篇,患者群体具有区域单一性,地区发表较为局限,更应为加强地区交流,扩大学术影响创造条件。

综上所述,杵针疗法治疗临床各科疾病适应症广,以腰椎间盘突出症、颈椎病、失眠为代表的优势病种较为集中,并且疗效显著。本研究为杵针疗法临床应用和科研设计提供了一定的参考,有利于促进杵针疗法的临床推广与使用。此外,杵针疗法的适应症和优势病种并不是一成不变的,而是动态变化的,应不断拓展其适应症和优势病种研究。

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