天津中医药大学学报  2022, Vol. 41 Issue (1): 53-56

文章信息

张文杰, 钟成梁
ZHANG Wenjie, ZHONG Chengliang
二妙汤加味内服结合外洗治疗湿热浸淫型小儿湿疹72例临床观察
Treatment of 72 cases of infantile eczema with dampness-heat immersion syndrome by internal and external washing with Ermiao Decoction
天津中医药大学学报, 2022, 41(1): 53-56
Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 41(1): 53-56
http://dx.doi.org/10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2022.01.12

文章历史

收稿日期: 2021-09-29
二妙汤加味内服结合外洗治疗湿热浸淫型小儿湿疹72例临床观察
张文杰1 , 钟成梁2     
1. 天津市西青区妇幼保健和计划生育服务中心儿科, 天津 300380;
2. 天津中医药大学第一附属医院临床试验中心, 天津 300193
摘要: [目的] 探讨二妙汤加味内服结合外洗治疗湿热浸淫型小儿湿疹的临床疗效。[方法] 选取2018年6-9月天津市西青区妇幼保健和计划生育服务中心就诊的湿热浸淫型湿疹患儿72例,随机分为治疗组(36例)、对照组(36例)。对照组给予丁酸氢化可的松乳膏外涂,治疗组给予二妙汤加味内服加外洗治疗。两组均连续治疗4周,观测4周后临床疗效、症状积分改变情况、瘙痒疗效,并随访6个月,观察复发率以了解远期疗效。[结果] 治疗组湿疹面积及严重度指数(EASI)疗效评分总有效率为94.44%,高于对照组的88.89%。治疗组患儿治疗后皮疹形态较前明显好转,面积较前减小,且治疗组皮疹形态降幅优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后瘙痒程度愈显率为94.44%,高于对照组的77.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组复发率为27.78%,低于对照组的78.79%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论] 二妙汤加味内服结合外洗治疗湿热浸淫型小儿湿疹疗效显著,优于单纯西药组,不仅改善症状积分、瘙痒程度,随访复发率也明显低于单纯西药局部用药,远期疗效优势明显。
关键词: 湿疹    小儿    湿热浸淫证    二妙汤    内服    外洗    临床观察    
Treatment of 72 cases of infantile eczema with dampness-heat immersion syndrome by internal and external washing with Ermiao Decoction
ZHANG Wenjie1 , ZHONG Chengliang2     
1. Department of Pediatrics, Xiqing Maternal and Child Health Care and Family Planning Service Center of Tianjin, Tianjin 300380, China;
2. Clinical Trial Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the clinical effect of Ermiao Decoction on treating infantile eczema with dampness-heat immersion syndrome. [Methods] From June 2018 to September 2018, the 72 children with damp-heat immersion eczema in Xiqing Maternal and Child Health Care and Family Planning Service Center of Tianjin were selected and randomly divided into treatment group (n=36) and control group (n=36). The control group was externally coated with hydrocortisone butyrate cream, and the treatment group was orally treated with Ermiao Decoction plus external washing. Both groups were treated continuously for 4 weeks, and the clinical efficacy, symptom score changes and pruritus efficacy were observed after 4 weeks, and the recurrence rate was observed for 6 months to understand the long-term efficacy. [Results] The total effective rate of EASI (eczema area and severity index score) in the treatment group was 94.44%, which was higher than 88.89% in the control group. After treatment, the skin rash morphology in the treatment group was significantly improved and the area was decreased, and the reduction of skin rash morphology in the treatment group was better than that in the control group, with statistical significance(P < 0.05). The effective rate of pruritus in the treatment group was 94.44%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (77.78%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The recurrence rate of the treatment group was 27.78%, significantly lower than that of the control group (78.89%), and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.01). [Conclusion] Ermiao Decoction has a significant effect on the treatment of infantile eczema with damp-heat immersion syndrome by oral administration and external washing, which was higher than that of the western medicine group. It not only improved the symptom score and pruritued degree, but also significantly reduced the recurrence rate during follow-up.
Key words: eczema    child    damp-heat immersion syndrome    Ermiao Decoction    take orally    external washing    clinical observation    

小儿湿疹,中医称为“奶廯”,临床常表现为丘疹、水疱、皮肤瘙痒及黏液渗出等,是小儿时期常见的皮肤病。皮疹多样,转为慢性则可见局部浸润和肥厚,伴有剧烈瘙痒[1],给患儿及家长带来极大痛苦,若湿疹迁延不愈、频繁复发,患儿与家长多因此焦虑不安。目前西医治疗多为局部用药和全身系统用药两类,系统用药主要为抗组胺类药物,广泛继发感染者应用抗生素;局部外涂用药大多是激素类和抗生素类软膏。抗组胺类药物不宜长时间服用,且停药后容易复发,局部用药也有局限性,长时间应用可产生相应的不良反应[2]。笔者临床中通过中医辨证用药治疗小儿湿疹取得满意疗效,随访6个月少有复发,现陈述如下。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

本试验基于SAS v9.4软件的Proc Plan过程,采用区组随机生成随机分配表。两组平行对照,例数1∶1,选取2019年6—9月天津市西青区妇幼保健和计划生育服务中心就诊的湿热浸淫型湿疹患儿72例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各36例。治疗组男20例,女16例;年龄2~7岁,平均(3.64±1.22)岁;病程1~20个月,平均(8.00±5.79)个月。对照组男18例,女18例;年龄2~6岁,平均(3.33±1.04)岁;病程1~22个月,平均(6.67±4.95)个月。两组基线情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本试验的方案设计、病例采集均严格遵循医学伦理学原则,并获伦理委员会审批。

1.2 诊断标准 1.2.1 西医诊断标准

急性期皮疹多为密集的小丘疹、丘疱疹、小水疱,基底潮红,抓后可呈现小糜烂面,浆液不断渗出,亚急性期皮损以小丘疹、鳞屑和结痂为主,伴或不伴剧烈瘙痒,慢性期皮肤增厚、浸润、粗糙,色素沉着,伴少许鳞屑[1]

1.2.2 中医诊断标准

湿热浸淫证:发病较急,皮损处潮红,扪之灼热,渗液多,瘙痒,常有身热,大便干,舌红,苔薄白或黄,脉滑或数,指纹紫[3]

1.3 纳入标准

1)必须满足上述两项诊断标准。2)无合并重要脏器疾病者。3)患儿家长知情并同意。

1.4 排除标准

1)皮损主要分布于面部、皮肤皱褶部位者。2)皮损呈现糜烂或化脓患儿。3)近1周内接受过抗组胺类或糖皮质激素等药物治疗的患儿。4)真菌性皮损患儿。5)中途病情加重患儿。6)对使用药物成分过敏者[4]

1.5 治疗方法 1.5.1 对照组

给予丁酸氢化可的松乳膏治疗,取适量薄薄涂抹于患处,2次/d,根据患儿病情好转程度减少用药次数直至停药,连续使用不得超过7 d,治疗4周。

1.5.2 治疗组

中医辨证用药,给予二妙汤加味,组成:苍术10 g,黄柏6 g,苦参6 g,连翘10 g,茯苓15 g,白术10 g,牡丹皮10 g,川芎10 g,当归10 g,地肤子10 g,白鲜皮10 g。热毒较重则加金银花、赤芍、蒲公英,湿重渗出较多加萆薢、土茯苓。水煎服,每日1剂,分两次温服。外洗方在内服汤剂基础上加大单味药剂量,组成:苍术15 g,黄柏15 g,苦参20 g,连翘10 g,茯苓15 g,白术10 g,牡丹皮10 g,川芎10 g,当归10 g,地肤子20 g,白鲜皮20g。水煎外洗,用手绢蘸取轻敷患部,每两日1次,治疗4周。

1.6 观察指标与评分标准

依据湿疹面积及严重度指数(EASI)评分。1)皮疹形态评分。根据临床表现分为4项:红斑(E)、硬肿/丘疹(I)、表皮剥脱(Ex)、苔藓化(L),每项按严重程度评分:无记0分,轻度记1分,中度记2分,重度记3分,各症状间可记半级分,如0.5分[5]。2)湿疹面积大小评分。全身分为4个部位:头/颈(H)、上肢(UL)、躯干(T)、下肢(LL),皮损面积按患儿手掌为1%估算,皮损面积占各部位面积的比例分值记为0~6分:无皮疹记0分,<10%记1分,10%~19%记2分,20%~49%记3分,50%~69%记4分,70%~89%记5分,90%~100%记6分。EASI评分方法(0~7岁):H为(E+I+Ex+L)×面积×0.2,UL为(E+I+Ex+L)×面积×0.2,T为(E+I+Ex+L)×面积×0.3,LL为(E+I+Ex+L)×面积×0.3,各部位分值相加即为EASI评分总分[5]。3)瘙痒程度评分。无记0分,为无瘙痒;轻度记1分,为偶有瘙痒,不影响日常生活;中度记2分,为阵发性瘙痒,时轻时重,影响睡眠;重度记3分,为剧烈瘙痒,严重影响睡眠和工作[6]

1.7 疗效标准

按照《中药新药临床研究指导原则(试行)》中湿疹的疗效评定标准[6]。1)根据EASI评分总分计算有效率,分4级判定。①临床痊愈:皮损全部消退,症状消失,积分值减少≥95%;②显效:皮损大部分消退,症状明显减轻,70%≤积分值减少<95%;③有效:皮损部分消退,症状有所改善,50≤积分值减少<70%;④无效:皮损消退不明显,症状未减轻或恶化,积分值减少<50%。2)瘙痒疗效评定。①痊愈:完全不痒;②显效:评分等级降低2分;③有效:评分等级降低1分;④无效:评分等级未降低甚至加重。

1.8 统计学方法

采用SPSS 22.0软件分析数据,其中计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组内治疗前后比较采用配对t检验,组间比较采用两独立样本t检验;计数资料以百分率或率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验、Fisher精确概率法、Wilcoxon秩和检验。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 两组患儿EASI评分疗效比较

治疗组患儿总有效率为94.44%,对照组总有效率为88.89%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 1

表 1 两组患儿EASI评分疗效比较 
例(%)
2.2 两组患儿治疗前后症状积分比较

治疗前两组皮疹形态、面积积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。治疗后两组皮疹形态、面积积分较治疗前好转(P<0.05),且治疗组皮疹形态下降程度较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表 2

表 2 两组患儿症状积分比较(x±s) 
2.3 两组患儿皮疹瘙痒程度疗效比较

治疗组愈显率(痊愈+显效)为94.44%,对照组愈显率为77.78%,两组愈显率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表 3

表 3 两组患儿皮疹瘙痒程度疗效比较 
例(%)
2.4 两组患儿复发率比较

6个月后随访比较两组患儿湿疹复发率,治疗组低于对照组(对照组3例未随访到),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见表 4

表 4 两组患儿湿疹复发率比较 
例(%)
3 讨论

湿疹是多种因素共同作用所致的一种皮肤炎症性疾病,目前病因仍未明确,但临床上一般认为与炎症反应及变态反应有关[7]

湿疹属中医“奶癣”“湿疮”“浸淫疮”等范畴[8]。小儿饮食不节损伤脾胃,脾运化失常,湿热内生,复感风湿热邪,内外合邪发于腠理,浸淫肌肤而发病,起病迅速,表现为皮损处潮红,扪之灼热,渗液多,瘙痒,常有身热、大便干等症状,是为湿热浸淫证。笔者在临床中常用二妙汤加味治疗湿热浸淫证,治以清热燥湿、解毒止痒。若热毒较重者,加金银花、蒲公英、赤芍以清解热毒。湿重渗出较多者,加萆薢、土茯苓以除湿解毒。外洗方在内服汤剂基础上加大单味药物剂量。外洗和内服中药主要包括黄柏、苍术、苦参、白鲜皮、金银花、当归和地肤子等,其中黄柏水煎液或醇浸剂对多种细菌具有抑制作用。黄柏叶中的黄酮苷对众多革兰氏阳性菌也有抑制作用[9]。苦参中的苦参碱可参与抑制炎症的各个阶段,氧化苦参碱具有抗过敏作用[10]。苍术能够杀菌抗炎,提高机体免疫功能[11]。金银花对临床多种致病菌均有抑制作用,能有效降低临床病死率[12]。当归具有抗炎作用,对多种致炎剂引起的急性毛细血管通透性增高、组织水肿及慢性炎性损伤均有抑制作用[13]。白鲜皮有抑菌抗炎、抗变态反应作用[14]

笔者临床中通过中医辨证采取二妙汤加味内服和外洗治疗湿热浸淫型小儿湿疹,效果良好,随访6个月,少有复发,中医药治疗小儿湿疹疗效确切,具有较高的安全性,不易复发,但本研究缺乏一定的药理研究支持,下一步应该增加药理方面相关研究,探索中药汤剂治疗小儿湿疹的多靶点机制。

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