中国罐疗法溯源——《五十二病方》角法研究

Source of cupping therapy-research on Jiao method in Prescriptions for Fifty-two Kinds of Diseases

关键词:  角法  罐疗  拔罐  帛书

Key words:  Jiao Fa  cupping therapy  cupping  silk scrolls

摘要:

考证了角法概念的提出, 为《马王堆汉墓帛书——五十二病方》以下简称《五十二病方》;论述了《五十二病方·牡痔》中关于“以小角角之, 如熟二斗米顷, 而张角”的内涵, 认为:“小角”是角法的工具;“角之”是触抵牡痔, 表示小角的操作方式与操作部位;“如熟二斗米顷”包含角法的吸拔方法与操作时间:用煮热角法吸拔, 吸拔约半个时辰(60 min);“张角”表示取罐时要用一定的力, 因角内有负压。指出:《五十二病方》“以小角角之, 如熟二斗米顷, 而张角”,其内涵上包含使用工具、操作部位、吸拔方法、吸拔时间, 符合罐疗法的4个要素。《五十二病方》的角法是现代罐疗的最早记载。

Abstract:

This paper aims to illustrate the meaning of the expression in the chapter Hemorrhoid in Prescriptions for Fifty-two Kinds of Diseases, in which “the horn is used for cupping and retaining the cupping there for a time for cooking two Dou of rice” and finally removed the cupping forcefully because of a high pressure in it. It holds that the expression shows the facility for Jiao Fa, cupping therapy, which is called “Xiao Jiao”, Zhang Jiao made by the horn of ox, sheep, and deer. Jiao in the word of “Jiao Zhi” serves as a verb, which means cupping or touch. The manipulation and retaining time are also indicated by the vivid description of “cooking two Dou of rice”. Zhang in the word of “Zhang Jiao” points out that removing the cupping should be finished forcefully. This paper also displays that the hemorrhoid treated by cupping therapy in Prescriptions for Fifty-two Kinds of Diseases refers to the external hemorrhoid. Prescriptions for Fifty-two Kind of Diseases describes the Jiao Fa, cupping therapy, in the following aspects: cupping facility, body part for cupping, manipulation and retaining time, which are the earliest record for cupping.