健康亚健康状态社区居民健康教育效果评估问卷的信度和效度研究

The study of the reliability and validity about health education effect assessment questionnaire for the health and sub-health state community residents

关键词:  社区居民  健康亚健康状态  健康教育效果评估问卷  信度  效度

Key words:  community residents  health and sub-health state  health education effect assessment questionnaire  reliability  validity

摘要:

[目的] 对编制的健康亚健康状态社区居民健康教育效果评估问卷进行信度和效度研究,为社区居民健康教育效果提供科学的、定量的评估工具.[方法] 以健康教育知信行理论和健商理念作为问卷编制理论指导,在广泛查阅文献并参考国内外已经开发的相关问卷或量表的基础上,通过专家头脑风暴法形成条目库.采用随机抽样的方法对天津市南开区某社区健康状态或亚健康状态居民(非疾病状态居民)进行调查,用t检验、相关系数、因素分析三种统计方法筛选条目,形成健康教育效果评估问卷.用Cronbachs'α系数和重测相关系数检验问卷信度;用内容效度、效标效度、结构效度和区分效度检验问卷效度.[结果] 探索性因素分析表明,因子载荷值在0.65～0.87之间,健康知识、健康信念和健康行为3个维度可解释总变异的68.80%;Cronbachs'α系数在0.75～0.89之间;各维度和总分的重测信度在0.79～0.90之间,各维度和总分的相关分析结果显示,各维度间的相关系数小于维度与总分的相关系数;验证性因素分析拟合指标良好,支持3因素模型;效标效度结果显示,各维度及总分和健商量表的效标指数在 0.49～0.80之间;区分效度结果显示,女性在各维度和总分上,高于男性,46～55岁年龄组被试的健康知识和健康信念两维度及总分高于45岁以下年龄组(P<0.01或P<0.001).[结论] 社区居民健康教育效果评估问卷具有良好的信度、效度,可用作评估社区健康亚健康状态居民的健康教育效果的有效工具.

Abstract:

[Objective] To study the reliability and validity about the effect evaluation of health education questionnaire for the health and sub-health state community residents,to provide scientific and quantitative evaluating tool for the effect of health education for community residents.[Methods] The health education KAP theory(knowledge,attitude,belief,practice) and HQ(health quotient) theory as the guidance of the questionnaire, applicating experted brainstorming to form item pool based on the extensive literature review and questionnaire at home and abroad or scales. Use random sampling method to investigate the health and sub-health residents in a community in Nankai district of Tianjin. Use the test, correlation and factor analysis to select items and to compile the the effect evaluation of health education questionnaire. Use the Cronbachs'α coefficient and retest reliability to test the questionnaire reliability, and use the content validity, criterion validity, construct validity and discriminant validity to test the questionnaire validity. [Results] Exploratory factor analysis showed that the loading coefficient of all items were between 0.65～0.87, and the beliefs of health, the knowledge of health and the behavior could explain 68.80% of the total variance. The Cronbachs'α coefficient were between 0.75～0.89. The retest reliability between each dimension and the total points were between 0.79～0.90. The result of the related analysis between each dimension and the total points of the whole questionnaire showed that the correlation coefficients between each dimension was lower than the ones between every dimension and the whole questionnaire. The factors of confirmatory factor analysis were fitted well, which could support the three-factor model; the criterion-related validation showed that the criterion-related index of the whole questionnaire and the HQ questionnaire was between 0.49～0.80. The result of empirical validity showed that the score of the effect evaluation of health education of the females were higher than the males. The score of the knowledge of health, the belief of health and the total points of the examinees between 46 and 55 years old were higher than the ones younger than 45 years old(P<0.01 or P<0.001). [Conclusion] The effect evaluation of health education questionnaire for community residents has good reliability and validity, and it is an effective tool to evaluate the effect of health education on community health and sub-health state residents.