试论小儿纯阳学说地位的演变

From the enchantment to the disenchantment: on evolution of the status of the pure yang theory

关键词:  纯阳学说  赋魅  祛魅  内丹学  稚阴稚阳

Key words:  pure yang theory  enchantment  disenchantment  inner alchemy  immature yin and immature yang

摘要:

纯阳学说是中医对小儿体质的理论归纳，"纯阳"先由术数范畴进入道教术语体系，由道教引入中医学领域；唐末内丹学的兴起为纯阳学说的形成提供了理论土壤；金元时期，医家以纯阳学说为理论依据，用药多以寒凉为主，确立纯阳学说的权威性，是典型的"赋魅"过程；明清时期，医家对纯阳学说的无限扩大提出质疑，并提出"稚阴稚阳"学说作为重新诠释纯阳学说的新思路，是一个"祛魅"过程。文章引入"赋魅""祛魅"的概念，分析探讨小儿纯阳学说学术地位演变过程，深入理解各时期中医理论认知的转变。

Abstract:

Pure yang theory is the theoretical induction of the physique of the children on Chinese medicine. Pure yang as a term first entered the system of Taoist terms by shushu and was introduced into the field of traditional Chinese medicine by Taoism. The rise of inner alchemy in the late Tang Dynasty provided the theoretical soil for the formation of pure yang theory. During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, doctors mostly used the cold medicine to treat illness, regarding the pure yang theory as the theoretical basis, and established the authority of pure yang theory, which was a typical process of enchantment. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, doctors questioned the infinite expansion of pure yang theory, and put forward a new idea of Immature yin and Immature yang theory as a reinterpretation of pure yang theory, which was a process of disenchantment. This article introduces the concepts of enchantment and disenchantment, in order to analyze the evolution process of the pure yang theory and deeply understand the change of traditional Chinese medicine theory in each period.