甘草多糖提取分离方法的研究进展

Progress on extraction and separation of polysaccharide from licorice

关键词:  甘草  甘草多糖  提取  分离纯化

Key words:  licorice  glycyrrhiza polysaccharide  extraction  separation

摘要:

甘草是常用的大宗中药材，甘草多糖是甘草的主要有效成分之一。文章综述了近10年甘草多糖类化合物的提取分离方法，提取方法主要涉及溶剂提取法和超声辅助提取法，以及其他一些提取方法，如微波辅助提取法、超临界二氧化碳（CO₂）萃取法、酶分解提取法和渗流-大孔树脂循环耦合提取法等。分离纯化方法主要涉及凝胶过滤色谱法、大孔树脂色谱法和离子交换色谱法等。结果表明，当前甘草多糖的提取分离还存在甘草原料来源不明、生长方式不清和提取工艺指标混乱等问题。通过探讨提高甘草多糖得率的途径和方法，以期为甘草多糖提取分离的后续研究提供参考。

Abstract:

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) is a common bulk traditional Chinese medicine,and glycyrrhiza polysaccharide is one of the main effective components in licorice. In this paper,the extraction and separation methods of polysacchride from licorice in recent 10 years were reviewed. The extraction methodsmainly involve solvent extraction,ultrasound-assisted extraction and other extraction methods,such as microwave-assisted extraction,supercritical CO₂ extraction,enzymatic decomposition extraction and percolation-macroporous resin cyclic coupling extraction. The separation methods mainly involve gel filtration chromatography,macroporous resin chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. The results showed that there were still some problems in the extraction and separation of glycyrrhiza polysaccharides,such as the unknown source of licorice materials,the unclear growth pattern and the confusion of extraction process index. This review discussed the ways and methods of improving the yield of glycyrrhiza polysaccharid,in order to provide reference for the follow-up research of extraction and separation of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide from licorice.