不同栽培密度对茵陈生长及药材质量的影响

Effects of different cultivation densities on the growth and quality of Artemisia scoparia

关键词:  茵陈  栽培密度  产量  质量  主成分分析

Key words:  Artemisia scoparia  cultivation density  yield  quality  principal component analysis

摘要:

[目的] 考察不同栽培密度对茵陈产量及其主要功效成分合成累积的影响，确定适宜的栽培密度，以提高药材品质。[方法] 设置8组不同栽培密度的试验田，分别为15 cm×20 cm（M1）、15 cm×25 cm（M2）、15 cm×30 cm（M3）、20 cm×20 cm（M4）、20 cm×30 cm（M5）、25 cm×20 cm（M6）、25 cm×25 cm（M7）、25 cm×30 cm（M8）。基于不同采收期进行采收，测定生长指标及主要成分含量，并进行主成分分析。[结果] 随着栽培密度的减小，茵陈株高、叶柄长度和单株鲜质量逐渐增长，分枝数增加，成活率、茎粗和小区产量呈现先增加后减小的趋势，但茵陈叶长、叶宽无明显变化规律。随着栽培密度的减小，茵陈药材中挥发油含量逐渐增加，总黄酮、绿原酸、咖啡酸及3，5-O二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势，且不同栽培密度条件下的茵陈药材绿原酸含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典》限量标准。基于茵陈产量和药效成分含量信息，综合主成分分析对结果进行评价，推荐茵陈的最佳栽培密度为25 cm×20 cm（M6）。[结论] 适宜的栽培密度能够有效提高茵陈的产量和品质，为进一步茵陈大田标准化、规模化种植体系的建立提供了科学实验数据支撑。

Abstract:

[Objective] To investigate the effects of different cultivation densities on the yield and main functional components synthesis and accumulation of Artemisia scoparia,and determine the appropriate cultivation density to improve the quality of medicinal materials. [Methods] A total of 8 groups of different cultivation densities were set up in the experimental field with plant row spacing of 15 cm×20 cm(M1),15 cm×25 cm(M2),15 cm×30 cm(M3),20 cm×20 cm(M4),20 cm×30 cm(M5),25 cm×20 cm(M6),25 cm×25 cm(M7),25 cm×30 cm(M8),based on different harvesting periods,measure growth indicators and main component content,and conduct principal component analysis. [Results] With the decrease of cultivation density,the plant height,petiole length,and fresh weight per plant of Artemisia scoparia gradually increased,and the number of branches increased. The survival rate,stem diameter,and plot yield showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,but there was no significant change in the length and width of Artemisia scoparia leaves. As the cultivation density decreases,the content of volatile oil in Artemisia scoparia gradually increases. The content of total flavonoids,chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,and 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the chlorogenic acid content of Artemisia scoparia under different cultivation densities meets the pharmacopoeia limit standards. Based on the yield and active ingredient content information of Artemisia scoparia,and the comprehensive evaluation results of principal component analysis(PCA),the recommended optimal cultivation density for Artemisia scoparia is 25 cm×20 cm(M6). [Conclusion] Appropriate cultivation density can effectively improve the yield and quality of Artemisia scoparia,providing scientific experimental data support for the further establishment of standardized and large-scale cultivation systems in the field of Artemisia scoparia.