微量元素铁锰硼配施对兴安升麻产量和品质的影响

The effects of combined application of trace elements iron, manganese and boron on the yield and quality of C.dahurica(Turcz.) Maxim.

关键词:  兴安升麻  微量元素  配方施肥  产量  品质

Key words:  C.dahurica(Turcz.) Maxim.  microelement  formula fertilization  yield  quality

摘要:

目的 考察微量元素铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、硼（B）配施对兴安升麻产量和品质的影响，为规范化大田栽培兴安升麻提供合理的微量元素施肥方案。方法 将采集于河北省承德市的兴安升麻幼苗进行盆栽实验，采用“3414”实验方法设计Fe、Mn、B 3种微量元素的配施水平，收获后测量其生长指标，通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定药效成分咖啡酸、阿魏酸、异阿魏酸含量，紫外-可见分光光度法（UV-Vis）测定总酚酸含量，并进行隶属函数综合分析。结果 不同生长指标和药效成分对应的最佳施肥处理有所差别，其中Fe₁Mn₂B₂处理，兴安升麻根茎的直径和长度相较对照组分别提升96.82%、162.67%；Fe₂Mn₀B₂处理，地上和地下干物质积累量相较对照组分别提升73.72%、79.01%；Fe₂Mn₂B₃处理，咖啡酸、阿魏酸、总酚酸含量相较于对照组分别提升215.38%、30.77%、224.74%；Fe₁Mn₂B₂施肥处理，异阿魏酸含量相较对照组提升81.36%。基于药效成分含量信息，利用隶属函数分析法进行综合评价，确定提升兴安升麻品质的最佳施肥处理为Fe₂Mn₂B₃，其中硫酸亚铁（FeSO₄·7H₂O）、硫酸锰（MnSO₄）、硼砂（Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O）的施入水平分别为50、30、54 mg/L，施用量均为1 L。结论 科学的Fe、Mn、B配施方案能够显著提高兴安升麻产量，促进药效成分的合成积累，对兴安升麻的种植生产具有一定指导意义。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the impacts of combined application of iron, manganese, and boron microelements on the yield and quality of C.dahurica(Turcz.) Maxim., and to furnish a rational fertilizer scheme for the standardized field cultivation of C.dahurica(Turcz.) Maxim.. Methods C.dahurica(Turcz.) Maxim. seedlings were gathered from Chengde City, Hebei Province, and subjected to a pot experiment. The "3414"experimental approach was employed to design the fertilization levels of iron, manganese, and boron microelement application. Growth indicators were measured post-harvest. The contents of pharmacological components such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and isoferulic acid were determined by HPLC, while the total phenolic acid content was measured by UV-Vis. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was carried out using membership function analysis. Results The optimal fertilizer treatments varied for different indicators and pharmacological components. Compared with the control group, the Fe₁Mn₂B₂ treatment led to 96.82% and 162.67% increase in the diameter and length of C.dahurica(Turcz.) Maxim. rhizome respectively, the Fe₂Mn₀B₂ treatment resulted in 73.72% and 79.01% increase in the accumulation of dry matter in the aboveground and underground parts respectively, the Fe₂Mn₂B₃ treatment brought about 215.38%, 30.77%, and 224.74% increase in the contents of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and total phenolic acid respectively, the Fe₁Mn₂B₂ fertilization treatment led to 81.36% increase in the content of isoferulic acid. Based on the information of pharmacological component content, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was utilized to conduct a comprehensive assessment, and the optimal iron, manganese, and boron fertilizer ratio was determined to be Fe₂Mn₂B₃, with fertilizer concentrations of FeSO₄·7H₂O 50 mg/L, MnSO₄ 30 mg/L, and Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O 54 mg/L, and an application rate of 1 L. Conclusion The scientific fertilization scheme of iron, manganese, and boron can significantly increase the yield of C.dahurica(Turcz.) Maxim. and promote the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients, which has certain guiding significance for the cultivation and production of C.dahurica(Turcz.) Maxim..