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| The role of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in microglia-mediated cerebral ischemic neuroinflammation and advances in traditional Chinese medicine intervention |
| Hits 269 Download times 107 Received:June 19, 2025 |
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| DOI
10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2025.10.11 |
| Key Words
ischemic stroke;neuroinflammation;microglia;TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway;traditional Chinese medicine treatment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LIU Yanxi | School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Changsha 410208, China | | | LI Yanling | School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Changsha 410208, China | | | LI Qiule | School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Changsha 410208, China | | | ZHOU Caiyi | School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Changsha 410208, China | | | ZHANG Lijun | School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Changsha 410208, China | | | LIU Xiaodan | School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Changsha 410208, China | xiaodanliu@hnucm.edu.cn |
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| Abstract
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| Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity,mortality,and disability rates,seriously affecting people's health and quality of life. Studies have shown that neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke significantly aggravates brain tissue damage,in which microglia play a key role. Upon brain inflammation,infection,or trauma,microglia are rapidly activated and acquire phagocytic function. The activated microglia polarize into either neurotoxic M1 or neuroprotective M2 phenotypes. Promoting microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory effects. Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),a member of the TLR family,is widely expressed on microglia and regulates neuroinflammation by activating the downstream nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathway. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is characterized by multi-target,multi-pathway,and multi-component actions,along with minimal side effects and high safety. Research indicates that TCM modulates microglial proliferation and activation through various mechanisms,suppresses microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and alleviates oxidative stress,apoptosis,and autophagy dysregulation while protecting the blood-brain barrier against cerebral ischemic injury. Therefore,this article elucidates the mechanism of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in microglial polarization and summarizes recent advances in TCM for ischemic stroke treatment,aiming to provide references for novel drug development and enhance the clinical efficacy of TCM. |
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