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| Tongue manifestations and traditional Chinese medicine symptom patterns in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease |
| Hits 369 Download times 198 Received:February 23, 2025 |
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| DOI
10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2025.07.04 |
| Key Words
type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease;tongue manifestation;traditional Chinese medicine symptom pattern;association rule mining;cluster analysis |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Naijin | School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | WANG Xu | Department of Pediatrics, Xiqing District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300380, China | | | YUAN Yin | School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | REN Huixia | School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | LIU Ying | School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | YUE Shujiao | School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | LI Yonghui | School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | WANG Hongwu | School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | tjwanghw55@163.com |
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| Abstract
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| [Objective] To characterize tongue manifestations and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） symptom patterns in patients by type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） complicated with coronary heart disease（CHD）. [Methods] The study enrolled 702 T2DM-CHD patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM（January 2021—December 2023）. Tongue images were acquired using TFDA-1 tongue diagnosis apparatus and interpreted by experts. Clinical symptoms were recorded. Frequency analysis was performed with Excel，while association rule mining and cluster analysis were conducted using SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0. [Results] Tongue manifestations：dark red tongue frequently coexisted with fissured tongue，yellow-thick coating，crimson tongue often presented with fissured tongue，white-thin coating. Red tongue tip commonly correlated with fissured tongue，yellow-thick coating. Top 5 TCM symptoms：fatigue（86.3%），chest tightness（79.2%），dry mouth（74.6%），insomnia（68.9%）， limb numbness（62.4%）. Key associations：thin coatin-fatigue；dark red tongue/ecchymotic tongue-fatigue；thin coating-dry mouth. Cluster analysis identified two distinct patterns. [Conclusion] Blood stasis is the core pathogenesis，evidenced by characteristic tongue signs（e.g.，dark red/ecchymotic tongue）. Two major TCM patterns emerged：1）Blood stasis syndrome. 2）Qi-yin deficiency syndrome，predominantly manifesting as fatigue，chest tightness， and dry mouth. Therapeutic strategies should emphasize blood-activating stasis-resolving methods or qi-replenishing yin-nourishing approaches. |
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