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| Summary of historical evolution of Chinese health preservation culture(Part one) |
| Hits 1151 Download times 2468 Received:August 31, 2020 |
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| DOI
10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2020.10.03 |
| Key Words
traditional health preservation;Xia and Shang Dynasties;Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods;Qin and Han Dynasties;Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor;various schools of thought;Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases;Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,Sui and Tang Dynasties;Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties;Ming and Qing Dynasties;modern times |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WEI Cong | National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Study and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Key Laboratory of Cadiocerebrovascular Collateral Disease of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Hebei Yiling Health Management Center, Shijiazhuang 050035, China | | | CHANG Liping | National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Study and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Key Laboratory of Cadiocerebrovascular Collateral Disease of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Institute, Shijiazhuang 050035, China | | | LI Cuiru | National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Study and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Key Laboratory of Cadiocerebrovascular Collateral Disease of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China | | | LI Hongrong | Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Institute, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050091, China | | | JIA Zhenhua | National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Study and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Key Laboratory of Cadiocerebrovascular Collateral Disease of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050091, China | jzhjiazhenhua@163.com。 |
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| Abstract
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| Chinese health preservation culture has evolved for several thousand years. In Shang and Zhou Dynasties of ancient times,the idea of health preserving with food,guidance and health preservation with acupuncture and medication is emergent. In Spring and Autumn period,all schools of thoughts contend for attention. Daoism respected the nature,advocated "returning to innocence" and "natural inaction",and emphasized on regulation and maintenance of essence,qi and spirit. Confucianism advocated moderation and state of harmony,and emphasized on having few desires and regulating mental states. Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor lays a foundation for health preservation theory,and emphasizes on prevention before illness,prevention of transformation of existing illness,prevention of recurrence after illness,keeping balance between yin and yang,maintaining correspondence between man and universe,complying with the changes of four seasons,having regular diet and life,as well as preserving inseparability of the body and spirit. In Qin and Han Dynasties,theory of health keeping was formed preliminarily. Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases emphasized on conforming to four seasons,avoiding pathogenic factor,protecting spleen and stomach,regulating diet,preventing disease attack,and being precautious beforehand. Chunqiu Fanlu further developed the health-preservation concept of qi-yin and yang-the five elements. Lun Heng proposed birth,death,long and short lifetime and way of prolonging life. Huai Nan Zi advocated preserving appearance,qi and spirit. At this time point,Chinese health preservation theory and system is initially formed. Health preservation theory further developed in Wei Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Treatise on Health Preservation put forwards reposing both body and spirit,and keeping calm. Huang Ting Jing advocated accumulating and preserving essence,balancing expiration and inspiration,and adhering to introspection. Bao Pu Zi emphasized on concentrating thought,accumulating virtue,and learning from various skills. Yang Xing Yan Ming Lu integrated thoughts of the three major schools,and believed in mastering destiny by self,and observing the commandment of food and tranquility. SUN Simiao combined health-preservation theories of various schools. In Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,health-preservation theories showed constant enrichment and development. Neo-Confucianism and four medical schools of Jin and Yuan Dynasties propose new ideas on heath preservation with food and health preservation specific for different phases of the body. In Ming and Qiang Dynasties,health preservation theory was improved gradually,viscera-based health preservation was highlighted,health preservation with drug gradually developed,and comprehensive develop of health preservation was promoted synthetically. Development of modern and contemporary health preservation theory and practice boosted gradual prosperity of health preservation undertakings. Systematic summarization of historical origin of Chinese health preservation in this paper reflects health preservation thoughts and their evolution and development of four schools (Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,and medical school),in hope of making contributions to health service undertaking. |
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