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The application of the turbid pathogen theory in gynecological diseases
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DOI   10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2025.06.10
Key Words   turbid pathogen;pathological characteristics;infertility;pelvic inflammatory disease;endometriosis
Author NameAffiliationE-mail
CAO Yingqi First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China 
 
GONG Zheng First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China 
 
FU Yu First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China 
 
XIA Tian First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China 
xiatian76@163.com 
Abstract
    Turbidity is an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine theory and one of the fundamental concepts in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon. However,the concept of “turbidity” has gradually become ambiguous over time,often being conflated with other concepts such as damp-turbidity,phlegm-turbidity,and turbid-toxicity. There is ongoing debate among scholars regarding the interpretation of turbidity,and no consensus has been reached on its connotation. This article traces the origins of turbidity in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon,integrates discussions from ancient and modern medical experts,and clarifies the concept,characteristics,and formation of turbid pathogens. It also distinguishes the relationship between turbid pathogens and dampness,phlegm,blood stasis,and toxins. Furthermore,it lists common gynecological diseases treated based on the theory of turbid pathogens,aiming to promote the inheritance and innovative development of classical traditional Chinese medicine theories and provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological diseases caused by turbid pathogens.

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