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| Distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and syndrome elements in older adults with metabolic syndrome： A retrospective single-center cross-sectional study |
| Hits 65 Download times 29 Received:March 28, 2026 |
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| DOI
10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2026.07.04 |
| Key Words
aging;metabolic syndrome;syndrome;syndrome element |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | CHEN Chunmei | Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China | | | LIU Yuetong | Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China | | | LIU Pengfei | Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China | | | ZHANG Bingxuan | Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China | | | SONG Qingqiao | Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China | songqqbj@126.com |
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| Abstract
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| [Objective] To analyze the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndromes and syndrome elements in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome（MetS），and to provide evidence-based support for TCM differentiation and treatment of this condition. [Methods] A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 1 990 MetS patients who were admitted to the Department of Geriatrics，Guang’anmen Hospital，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，between 2018 and 2021. Syndrome-element differentiation was applied，and patients were stratified by age for comparison. Correspondence analysis and Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between age and syndrome elements related to disease location and nature. [Results] The most frequent TCM syndromes were qi-yin deficiency（16.43%），liver-kidney deficiency（11.41%），and phlegm-blood stasis interlocking（8.04%）. Among syndrome elements，qi deficiency（47.59%）and yin deficiency（26.83%）were the most prevalent. Age-stratified analyses showed that with increasing age，the proportions of blood stasis，phlegm retention，and deficiency elements（qi deficiency，yin deficiency，and yang deficiency）increased markedly. Correspondence analysis indicated that the elderly group was closely associated with syndrome elements involving the kidney，spleen，liver，dampness，and heat. Specifically，the 60~74 years old subgroup was more strongly associated with excess elements such as dampness and heat，whereas the ≥75 years old subgroup was characterized predominantly by deficiency elements，including qi，yin，and yang deficiency. Overall，elderly MetS patients exhibited a pathomechanism of“root deficiency with concomitant excess”with root deficiency becoming more prominent with advancing age. Logistic regression analysis further showed that advanced age was an independent influencing factor for yin deficiency and heat pathogen（P<0.05）. [Conclusion] Elderly patients with MetS are characterized by a TCM pathomechanism of“root deficiency with concomitant excess”in which yin deficiency，qi deficiency，and yang deficiency constitute key links in disease progression and are often accompanied by phlegm and blood stasis. The primary disease locations involve the kidney，spleen，and liver. Clinically， treatment should focus on nourishing yin，tonifying qi，reinforcing the kidney，and strengthening the liver and spleen，supplemented by therapies that resolve phlegm and dispel blood stasis. |
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