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| Effects of the active fraction of Xuanfei Baidu Formula on inflammation and olfactory impairment induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein |
| Hits 347 Download times 105 Received:June 28, 2025 |
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| DOI
10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2025.11.13 |
| Key Words
Xuanfei Baidu Formula;SARS-CoV-2;innate immunity;inflammatory response;olfactory impairment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YU Sijia | College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China | | | GE Xutao | College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China | | | SHENG Hongda | College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China | | | QIAN Jing | College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China | | | ZHAO Lu | College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China | | | LI Xiao | Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | ZHANG Shujing | College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China | 11619025@zju.edu.cn |
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| Abstract
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| [Objective] To evaluate the effects of the active fraction of Xuanfei Baidu Formula on inflammation and olfactory impairment induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using in vivo and in vitro models. [Methods] The active fraction of Xuanfei Baidu Formula was used to intervene the macrophage inflammation model induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein（S protein）. The secretion of interleukin-6（IL-6） was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR） was used to quantify the expression of IL-6，interleukin-1β（IL-1β），and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1（MCP-1）. Further，an olfactory injury model of zebrafish larvae was constructed by micro-injecting S protein into one side of the olfactory placode. The expression change of IL-1β after treatment of the active fraction was measured by RT-qPCR. Feeding behavior experiment was conducted to test their food perception activity. Fluorescence imaging was used to analyze the fluorescence intensity of olfactory nerves and neutrophil aggregation in the heads of zebrafish. [Results] In vitro，the active fraction of Xuanfei Baidu Formula effectively inhibited the overexpression of IL-6，IL-1β，and MCP-1 induced by S protein. in vivo，it significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1β in zebrafish larvae，improved their locomotion and food perception activity，enhanced fluorescence intensity of olfactory nerves in the injured area，and reduced neutrophils accumulation. [Conclusion] The active fraction of Xuanfei Baidu Formula could effectively inhibit the inflammatory responses and olfactory impairment induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein，which provides a basis for research and application of the active components of Xuanfei Baidu Formula，as well as its treatment for virus-induced olfactory impairment. |
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