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| Exploring the syndrome regularity of HFpEF in traditional Chinese medicine based on latent structure model and association rules |
| Hits 496 Download times 246 Received:March 24, 2025 |
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| DOI
10.11656/j.issn.1672-1519.2025.07.04 |
| Key Words
HFpEF;latent structure;association rule;TCM syndromes;data mining |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | DENG Shuaishuai | First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China | llbianji@163.com | | LI Lin | Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China | | | LIN Jingyi | First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China | | | FENG Boxuan | First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China | fgw1005@163.com | | FAN Guanwei | First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China | |
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| Abstract
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| [Objective] To explore the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndromes in HFpEF and provide references for individualized syndrome differentiation and treatment in clinical practice. [Methods] Diagnostic information was collected from HFpEF patients in the cardiology departments of six tertiary hospitals in Tianjin，forming a retrospective syndrome database. Lantern 5.0 software and a two-step hidden tree analysis algorithm were used to construct a latent structural model，and common syndromes in HFpEF were extracted through comprehensive clustering. The distribution relationships of HFpEF syndrome elements were analyzed using Apriori association analysis in SPSS Modeler 18.0 and network analysis in Cytoscape（3.10.2）. Furthermore，integrating syndrome，symptom，and herbal medicine information from the SymMap database and network pharmacology，a systematic HFpEF disease-syndrome-symptom-herb network was constructed. [Results] A total of 364 HFpEF patients were included，with 72 symptoms，7 disease-location syndrome elements，and 14 disease-nature syndrome elements collected. The disease-location syndrome elements，ranked by degree centrality，were the heart（40），stomach（32），spleen（32），lung（30），kidney（28），and liver（28）. The disease-nature syndrome elements were qi deficiency（36），blood stasis（36），phlegm（34），yin deficiency（28），water retention（26），dampness（26），yang deficiency（24），heat（24），and cold（20）. By intersecting the results of the latent structural model and Apriori association analysis，five common TCM syndromes of HFpEF were identified：heart-lung qi deficiency syndrome，heart-kidney yang deficiency syndrome，heart blood stasis syndrome，qi deficiency-blood stasis syndrome，and phlegm-blood stasis syndrome. [Conclusion] By integrating the latent structural model and association rules，six disease-location syndrome elements，nine disease-nature syndrome elements，and five TCM syndromes of HFpEF were identified. The study clarified the syndrome characteristics of underlying deficiency with superficial excess in HFpEF and revealed its pathological evolution pattern of “deficiency-stasis-water accumulation”. These findings provide a syndrome-based foundation for individualized TCM clinical treatment strategies for HFpEF. |
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