不同药用部位中药渣好氧发酵堆肥进程中的指标变化研究

Study on the changes of indexes in the aerobic fermentation composting process of different parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues

关键词:  中药渣  好氧发酵  生物有机肥  循环利用

Key words:  Chinese medicinal herbal residue  aerobic fermentation  biological organic fertilizer  recycling

摘要:

[目的] 基于不同药用部位的茎木类、叶类、全草类和混合类中药渣进行好氧发酵堆肥以考察在制肥进程中不同养分含量变化规律和差异，为进一步完善中药渣好氧堆肥的发酵生产工艺体系提供科研数据。[方法] 将桑枝药渣、紫苏叶药渣、薄荷药渣和复合药渣以复合菌剂进行好氧堆肥发酵，以温度、pH、有机质、养分、碳氮比、发芽指数为考察指标，揭示其发酵堆肥进程中的理化和生物学指标变化特点。[结果] 4种不同药渣堆肥过程中温度变化特征存在明显差异，其中紫苏叶药渣发酵最高温度可达71.47℃；堆肥发酵过程中4种药渣的pH均呈上升趋势，复合药渣的pH值最高，而养分N含量呈先上升后下降趋势，P含量均有不同程度提高，但K含量提高最为显著，分别增加了18.42%、36.54%、64.10%和97.73%；堆肥结束时，总养分分别达5.80%、6.51%、6.22%和5.69%，但有机质含量呈下降趋势，C/N均下降到20以下，其中紫苏叶药渣、薄荷药渣T值小于0.7，种子发芽指数（GI）均在80%以上。[结论] 不同种类中药渣理化性质差异较大，堆肥腐熟效果存在明显差异，叶类药渣易降解发酵周期短，但4种药渣发酵后的总养分含量均符合行业标准，故中药渣好氧堆肥具有广阔的发展前景。

Abstract:

[Objective] Aerobic fermentation composting was carried out based on the residues of traditional Chinese medicine with different medicinal parts to investigate the change rules and differences of different nutrient contents in the process of composting, so as to provide scientific research data for further improving the fermentation process of aerobic composting of Chinese herbal dregs. [Methods] The residues of Morus alba L., Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt., Mentha haplocalyx Briq. and compound Chinese medicine were used for aerobic composting with compound bacteria, subjected to high-temperature aerobic composting and fermentation, taking temperature, pH, organic matter, nutrients as detection indicator, to explore the change characteristics of physical, chemical and biological indicators. [Results] It was found that the temperature of different composting process was significantly different, the highest fermentation temperature of residues of Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt. could reach 71.47℃. During composting, the pH values of the four kinds of residues showed an increasing trend, and the pH value of the compound residue was the highest. The total nitrogen content of the four kinds of medicinal residue compost increased firstly and then decreased. Total phosphorus content increased respectively. And the total potassium content increased by 18.42%, 36.54%, 64.10% and 97.73%. At the end of composting, the total nutrients reached 5.80%, 6.51%, 6.22% and 5.69%. Organic matter showed a decreasing trend, and the C/N of the four kinds of residues all decreased to less than 20 in the late composting period, and the T value of residues of Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt. and Mentha haplocalyx Briq. was less than 0.7, The seed germination index(GI) was all above 80%. [Conclusion] The physicochemical properties in different kinds of Chinese medicine residues were quite different, and the compost ripening effect was obviously different. The leaf residues were easy to degrade and had a short fermentation period, while the compound residues were rich in nutrients, which was conducive to high-temperature fermentation. Therefore, the aerobic composting of traditional Chinese medicine residues had a promising future.