中药出膏率波动的影响因素

Influencing factors for fluctuation of extracting rate of Chinese material medical

关键词:  出膏率  影响因素  初生代谢产物  次生代谢产物

Key words:  extracting rate  influencing factors  primary metabolites  secondary metabolites

摘要:

出膏率是中药材及饮片经提取后获得物质量的重要指标。中药提取物主要由药材中的初生代谢产物和次生代谢产物组成，初生代谢产物和次生代谢产物的积累量及加工提取过程中不同成分的提出量是影响出膏率的重要因素。文章从影响药材质量和产量的关键因素（基原、产地、生长模式、药用部位、采收期、种植年限、规格等，饮片炮制加工、提取加工方式）进行系统总结，全面分析不同化学成分（初生代谢产物和次生代谢产物）的物质积累规律和物质提取规律，探讨药材及饮片出膏率波动的影响因素及其异常的形成机制，以期为中成药的高质量制造提供参考。

Abstract:

Extracting rate is an important indicator that characterizes amount of extracted substance from Chinese material medical and decoction pieces. The extracts are mainly composed of primary and secondary metabolites, which are greatly affected by accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in the growth and the extracted amount in the extracting process as important factors. By systematically summarizing key factors that affect the quality and yield of Chinese material medical(origins, habitats, growth patterns, medicinal parts, harvesting time, planting years, specifications, decoction pieces processing and extraction methods), this review comprehensively analyzed material accumulation and extraction rules of different chemical constituents(primary and secondary metabolites), and discussed the influencing factors of extracting rate and formation mechanism of abnormal extracting rate, conducing to the high-quality manufacturing of Chinese patent medicine products.