孙一奎、张介宾的火论思想与命门学说之辨析

Analysis of SUN Yikui and ZHANG Jiebin’s thoughts on fire and the theory of life-gate

关键词:  火论  孙一奎  张介宾  君火  相火  命门学说

Key words:  fire theory  SUN Yikui  ZHANG Jiebin  monarch fire  ministerial fire  life-gate theory

摘要:

自宋金元以来,君火、相火和命门等理论逐渐成为许多医家研究的热门话题。孙一奎和张介宾禀前人之学,且对具有争议的相火理论和命门学说进行了系统的阐发,进一步丰富了火论思想。从生理、病理和临证治疗等3个方面,对孙一奎、张介宾君火和相火、命门与相火之间学术思想进行剖析。文章发现,孙一奎和张介宾都受到了“理学太极”思想的影响,并将其融入命门学说中,两人均重视温补之气,但侧重点不同,孙一奎注重元气培补,张介宾则关注阴阳互补。此外,文章还揭示了君相二火的形成过程以及其与命门学说的关系,并对君火、相火、命门等概念进行了阐释。通过研究,以期更加深入了解两人的火论思想,把握他们学术观点之间的联系,既有助于进一步了解火论思想的演变,也为后世医家深入理解和应用火理论提供一定的理论支撑。

Abstract:

Since the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the theories of monarch fire,ministerial fire and life-gate have gradually become a hot topic for many doctors. SUN Yikui and ZHANG Jiebin reported to their predecessors,and systematically expounded the controversial phase fire theory and the life-gate theory,which further enriched the theory of fire. This paper analyzed the academic thoughts of SUN Yikui and ZHANG Jiebin on monarch fire and ministerial fire,life-gate and ministerial fire respectively from three aspects of physiology,pathology and clinical treatment. The article found that both SUN and ZHANG were influenced by the “Neo-Confucianism Taiji” ideology and incorporated it into their theory of life-gate. Both of them emphasized the importance of warming and nourishing the qi,but with different focuses. SUN focused on enhancing the original energy while ZHANG paid attention to the complementarity of yin and yang. In addition,this paper revealed the formation process of monarch fire and ministerial fire and their relationship with the theory of life-gate,and clarified the concepts of monarch fire,ministerial fire,and life-gate. Through this study,we hope to gain a deeper understanding of their thoughts of fire theory,grasp the connection between their academic views,and it is helpful to further understand the evolution of fire theory,for the later doctors to further understand and apply the fire theory to provide certain theoretical support.