中医药治疗原发性低血压病的氧化应激及血管内皮功能机制研究概况

Overview of the study on oxidative stress and vascular endothelial function mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of essential hypotension

关键词:  原发性低血压病  氧化应激  血管内皮功能  中医药疗效  气血两虚  辨证分型  治疗机制

Key words:  essential hypotension  oxidative stress  vascular endothelial function  efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine  both qi and blood deficiency  syndrome differentiation and classification  treatment mechanism

摘要:

原发性低血压病是一种以持续性低血压（收缩压＜90 mmHg和/或舒张压＜60 mmHg，1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa）为特征的慢性循环系统疾病，其患病人群在国内、外青年体弱人群中尤为高发，可增加晕厥、跌倒及心脑缺血事件风险。现代医学治疗存在不良反应多、疗效单一等局限性，而中医药通过多靶点调节氧化应激及血管内皮功能紊乱展现出独特优势。文章系统梳理原发性低血压病的中医病因病机与证候规律，结合现代医学机制，重点探讨中医药通过调节氧化应激及血管内皮功能改善血压稳态的作用靶点。结合现代药理研究解析中药复方及针灸作用的分子通路，总结其通过调控超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮（NO）/内皮素-1（ET-1）平衡等关键靶点改善血压稳态的循证依据，以期为开发低毒高效的中医药治疗方案及个体化精准医学策略提供理论支撑。

Abstract:

Essential hypotension is a chronic circulatory system disease characterized by persistent hypotension(systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure < 60 mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa). The patient population is particularly high in the frail young people at home and abroad, which can increase the risk of fainting, falling and cardiocerebral ischemia. Modern medical treatment has limitations such as many adverse reactions and single efficacy, while traditional Chinese medicine has shown unique advantages through multiple targets to regulate oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction. This paper systematically sorts out the etiology, pathogenesis and syndrome laws of essential hypotension, and combines modern medical mechanisms to explore the targets of traditional Chinese medicine to improve blood pressure homeostasis by regulating oxidative stress and vascular endothelial function. Combined with modern pharmacological research, we analyze the molecular pathways of the effects of Chinese medicine compound and acupuncture, and summarize the evidence-based basis for improving blood pressure homeostasis by regulating key targets such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and nitric oxide(NO)/endothelin-1(ET-1) balance, in order to provide theoretical support for the development of low-toxic and efficient traditional Chinese medicine treatment plans and individualized precision medicine strategies.