中药萜类成分在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的神经保护作用研究进展

Research progress on the neuroprotective effects of terpenoid compounds from traditional Chinese medicine in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

关键词:  脑缺血再灌注损伤  中药  萜类成分  神经保护  作用机制

Key words:  cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury  traditional Chinese medicine  terpenoid compounds  neuroprotection  mechanisms of action

摘要:

脑缺血再灌注损伤（CIRI）作为全球范围内严峻的公共健康问题，其高发病率和病死率引发了广泛关注。尽管现代医学在CIRI治疗上取得一定进展，但疗效常因单一治疗手段及药物应用局限性而受到限制。近年来，中医药在CIRI的治疗中展现出独特优势，尤其是中药萜类成分，凭借其多靶点、多通路的作用特性，成为神经保护领域的研究热点。萜类成分不仅具有抗氧化、抗炎、抑制细胞程序性死亡等功能，还能够通过改善血脑屏障通透性、促进神经血管重塑和血管新生，从而有效缓解CIRI导致的脑组织损伤。文章结合近年来国内外研究成果，详细探讨了中药萜类成分通过调控关键分子信号通路在CIRI中的神经保护作用，并阐明了其在抗氧化应激、抑制炎症反应、减轻脑组织细胞损伤等方面的作用机制。通过文章综述，期望为中药萜类成分的临床应用提供理论依据，并为未来神经保护药物的研发指明新的方向。

Abstract:

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI) is a severe global public health issue, with its high morbidity and mortality rates drawing widespread attention. Despite some progress in modern medicine for CIRI treatment, efficacy is often limited due to the use of single treatment methods and the limitations of drug application. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has demonstrated unique advantages in the treatment of CIRI, especially terpenoid compounds, which, due to their multi-target and multi-pathway properties, have become a research hotspot in the field of neuroprotection. Terpenoid compounds not only possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic functions but also improve the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, promote neurovascular remodeling, and stimulate angiogenesis, thus effectively alleviating brain tissue damage caused by CIRI. This article, in combination with recent domestic and international research findings, comprehensively discusses the neuroprotective effects of TCM terpenoid compounds in CIRI through the regulation of key molecular signaling pathways, explaining their mechanisms in antioxidant stress, inflammation inhibition, and the reduction of brain tissue cell damage. Through this review, we aim to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of TCM terpenoid compounds and point out new directions for the future development of neuroprotective drugs.