中医药干预结直肠癌免疫逃逸的机制及临床应用的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in intervening immune escape of colorectal cancer

关键词:  结直肠癌  免疫逃逸  中医药

Key words:  colorectal cancer  immune escape  traditional Chinese medicine

摘要:

结直肠癌是全球范围内高发的恶性肿瘤之一，具有早期症状隐匿、高复发、高死亡等特征，严重威胁人类健康。目前，临床上治疗结直肠癌的主要方式包括手术、放疗、化疗及免疫治疗。其中，免疫治疗通过激活患者自身免疫系统对抗肿瘤，具有靶向性强，不良反应少等优势，为晚期或术后复发性结直肠癌患者带来了新的治疗选择。然而，肿瘤免疫微环境的复杂性及免疫逃逸机制导致治疗效果个体差异大。中医药具有多组分、多靶点及多通路协同等优点，在调节肿瘤免疫微环境、增强免疫治疗效果方面具有独特的优势。文章对中医药调节结直肠癌免疫逃逸的作用机制及其临床应用的传统汤剂及现代制剂进行总结，以期为中西医结合治疗结直肠癌提供新的思路。

Abstract:

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. It has the characteristics of insidious early symptoms，high recurrence and high mortality，which seriously threatens human health. At present，the main clinical treatments for colorectal cancer include surgery，radiotherapy，chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Among them，immunotherapy activates the patient’s own immune system to fight tumors，has the advantages of strong targeting and fewer adverse reactions，and brings new treatment options for patients with advanced or postoperative recurrent colorectal cancer. However，the complexity of the tumor immune microenvironment and the immune escape mechanism lead to large individual differences in treatment effects. Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of multi-component，multi-target and multi-pathway synergy，and has unique advantages in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment and enhancing the effect of immunotherapy. This article summarizes the mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine regulates immune escape in colorectal cancer，as well as both traditional decoctions and modern preparations used in clinical practice，aiming to provide new insights for integrated Chinese-Western medicine approaches to colorectal cancer treatment.