基于文字音韵的弧蜮病解读

Interpretation of Hu Yu syndrome based on philology and phonology

关键词:  金匮要略  狐惑  弧蜮  恙虫  甘草泻心汤

Key words:  Synopsis of Golden Chamber  Hu Huo  Hu Yu  a tsutsugamushi mite  Gancao Xiexin Decoction

摘要:

《金匮要略》中“狐惑”两字从传统考据之音韵、训诂探源当为“弧蜮”。《说文解字注》指出“狐”并非指狐疑之意，当为“弧”之错讹，为“蜮”的外形特征，指身体呈弧形；“惑”非为疑惑之意，当读“蜮”，即江淮水滨之虫。马王堆出土文献《疗射工毒方》对“蜮”的记载突出其具有“射”的功能，符合“蜮”身体呈弧形的外形特征。“狐惑”表现出的“状如伤寒”“蚀于喉”“蚀于阴”“面目乍赤乍黑乍白”等症状与恙虫致病之“偶有畏寒，伴有剧烈头痛全身疼痛乏力，食欲不振；腋下、会阴、肛门出现无痛的庁；丘疹眼结膜的充血”等表现十分吻合。针对此“弧蜮”症状与恙虫致病，通过地下出土与现存传世文献“二重证据”相互佐证，运用训诂学方法，推理出“狐”为“弧”之错讹，“惑”与“蜮”同源，明晰“狐惑”之源流。

Abstract:

The word “Hu Huo” in Synopsis of Golden Chamber should be “Hu Yu” from the phonology and exegesis of traditional textual research. Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu points out that “Hu” does not mean suspicion. It should be the mistake of “Hu”，the appearance feature of “Yu”，which means that the body is in an arc；“Huo” is not meant to be perplexed. We should read “Yu”，that is，the worm along the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers. In the unearthed documents of Mawangdui，the records of “Yu” in Liao She Gong Du Fang also highlight its function of “shooting”. Its symptoms such as “typhoid fever”，“eroding in the throat”，“eroding in the Yin”，“red complexion，black complexion and white complexion” are similar to those caused by tsutsugamushi，such as “occasional fear of cold，severe headache，general pain，weakness and loss of appetite，the armpit，perineum and anus in which will appear malignant furuncle that no pain，the papular conjunctival congestion” and other manifestations. In view of this “Hu Yu” symptom and tsutsugamushi disease，through the mutual corroboration of the underground excavation and the existing handed down literature “double evidence”，and using the method of exegesis，it is concluded that “Hu” is the wrong error of “Hu”，and “Huo” is the same as “Yu”，so as to investigate the origin of “Hu Huo”.