石菖蒲生长过程中β-细辛醚积累特征及其饮片品质研究

Characterization of β-asarone accumulation during the growth of Acorus tatarinowii Schott and the quality of its decoction pieces

关键词:  石菖蒲  气相色谱  β-细辛醚  挥发油  采收时间  药用部位

Key words:  Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma  GC  β-asarone  volatile oil  harvesting time  medicinal part

摘要:

[目的] 基于气相色谱法建立石菖蒲及其挥发油中 β-细辛醚的含量测定方法， 比较不同产地石菖蒲饮片品质，并研究石菖蒲生长过程中不同药用部位 β-细辛醚的积累规律，为合理开发和利用石菖蒲药材资源提供理论依据。[方法] 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同产地饮片挥发油，计算挥发油得率；采用气相色谱法测定饮片及其挥发油中 β-细辛醚含量；采集不同月份石菖蒲新鲜全草，利用气相色谱法测定不同药用部位中 β-细辛醚含量。[结果] 不同产地饮片中 β-细辛醚含量、 挥发油含量以及挥发油中 β-细辛醚含量差异较大， 四川产地饮片指标含量差异较小；在研究期限内石菖蒲中 β-细辛醚含量（以干质量计）2 月最高，7 月次之；石菖蒲叶基中 β-细辛醚含量高于根茎，叶中几乎不含 β-细辛醚。[结论] 建立的检测方法简便快速、定量准确、重复性好，可用于石菖蒲的质量评价。以挥发油含量和 β-细辛醚计，四川产地饮片品质较佳；以 β-细辛醚计，石菖蒲在 2 月、7 月采收较佳，根茎和叶基质量较好。

Abstract:

[Objective] A method for the determination of β-asarone in Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and its volatile oil was established to compare the quality of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma decoction pieces from different habitats and to study the accumulation patterns of β-asarone in different parts of Acorus tatarinowii Schott during the growth process based on gas chromatography，so as to provide theoretical basis for the rational development and utilization of Acorus tatarinowii medicinal material resources.[Methods] Steam distillation was employed to extract the volatile oil from the decoction pieces of different habitats and the volatile oil yield was calculated. The content of β-asarone in the decoction pieces and their volatile oils was determined by gas chromatography. The fresh whole grass of A. tatarinowii was collected in different months，and the content of β-asarone in the different parts of the medicinal plant was determined by using gas chromatography. [Results] The differences of β-asarone content，volatile oil content and β-asarone content in volatile oil in the decoction pieces from different habitats were significant，among which the index content in decoction pieces from Sichuan habitats showed relatively little difference. During the study period，β-Asarone content in A. tatarinowii （ｄｒｙ ｗｅｉｇｈｔ） was the highest in February，followed by July. The content of β-asarone in the leaf bases of A. tatarinowii was higher than that in the rhizomes，while the leaves contained little β-asarone. [Conclusion] The established method is simple，rapid，quantitatively accurate and reproducible，and can be used for the quality evaluation of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma. In terms of volatile oil content and β-Asarone content，the quality of decoction pieces from Sichuan habitat is better. In terms of β-Asarone content， A. tatarinowii is better harvested in February and July，with better quality rhizomes and leaf bases.