中药多糖治疗脓毒症药理作用及其机制研究进展

Research progress on the pharmacological effects and mechanism of polysaccharides in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of sepsis

关键词:  中药多糖  脓毒症  作用机制  研究进展

Key words:  traditional Chinese medicine  polysaccharides  sepsis  mechanism of action  research progress

摘要:

脓毒症被定义为由宿主对感染反应失调引起的危及生命的器官功能障碍。多糖由 10 个以上相同或不同种类的单糖分子通过糖苷键聚合而成的高分子碳水化合物，其来源广泛、安全性高、不良反应小。作为中药关键生物活性成分之一，多糖具有抗氧化、免疫调节、降血糖、抗炎等多重生物活性。多糖广泛的药用价值和保健功能使其日益需求增加，虽然多糖在临床用于治疗脓毒症尚无报道，但近期在实验研究上取得了一系列进展，为其临床研究提供了可能。文章在中药多糖传统生物学活性的基础上，从中药多糖抑制炎症反应、减轻氧化应激损伤、抑制细胞凋亡及焦亡、调节机体免疫等方面展开综述，系统梳理干预的子信号通路及分子靶点机制，以期为中药多糖干预脓毒症的新药研发与临床精准应用提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an altered host response to infection. Polysaccharides are polymer carbohydrates made of more than 10 monosaccharide molecules of the same or different kinds through glycosidic bonds，which have a wide range of sources，high safety，and low adverse reactions. As one of the key bioactive ingredients of traditional Chinese medicinｅ (TCM)，polysaccharides have multiple biological activities such as antioxidant，immunomodulatory，hypoglycemic，and anti-inflammatory. Although the clinical use of polysaccharides in the treatment of sepsis has not been reported，a series of advances have been made in experimental research recently，which provides the possibility for clinical research. This article reviews the biological activities of TCM polysaccharides，including inhibition of inflammatory response，alleviation of oxidative stress damage，inhibition of apoptosis and pyroptosis，and regulation of immunity of TCM. We also discussed the subsignaling pathways and molecular targets of polysaccharide intervention. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of new polysaccharides-based treatments for sepsis.