中药治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制研究进展

Research progress on mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

关键词:  脑缺血再灌注损伤  中药  作用机制

Key words:  cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury  traditional Chinese medicine  mechanism of action

摘要:

缺血性卒中发生后，早期施行血液再灌注是目前治疗该病的有效治疗方式。但是再灌注可能导致脑组织再次受损，加重脑组织损伤，这种现象被称为脑缺血再灌注损伤，严重影响缺血性卒中患者的治疗及预后。脑缺血发生后的积极处理可有效减轻缺血再灌注带来的损伤。目前，西医在脑缺血再灌注损伤方面的治疗效果有限，亟需寻找新的治疗药物。中药治疗具有多靶点、多通路、多成分、副作用小、安全性高的特点。近年来有大量实验研究运用中药治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤，表明中药能够通过抗氧化应激、减轻炎症反应、抗细胞凋亡、调节细胞自噬、保护血脑屏障、调节铁代谢等多种途径发挥综合调节优势。文章主要总结近年来中药治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究，为中药治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的临床应用和机制研究提供参考。

Abstract:

After an ischemic stroke occurs,early reperfusion therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment for this condition. However,reperfusion therapy may cause further damage to brain tissue,which is known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,significantly impacting the prognosis and management of patients with ischemic stroke. Timely intervention after cerebral ischemia can effectively reduce the harmful effects of reperfusion. Currently,modern medicine's ability to treat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is limited;therefore,there is a pressing need to discover new therapeutic agents. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) possesses characteristics such as targeting multiple factors simultaneously,modulating multiple pathways,having a composition with multiple components,minimal side effects,and a high safety profile. In recent years,numerous experimental studies have explored the use of Chinese herbal medicine in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and have suggested that TCM provides comprehensive regulation through mechanisms that reduce oxidative stress levels,attenuate inflammatory responses,prevent cell death processes known as apoptosis actions against it regulate autophagy modulation iron metabolism homeostasis among other pathways. This article primarily summarizes recent experimental studies on TCM's role in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury while providing insights into its clinical applications and mechanistic research.