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电针调控MLT/cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路影响膝骨性关节炎兔软骨损伤及炎症反应机制研究
韩金昌1,2, 于曼3, 周鑫1,2, 杨光1,2, 符碧峰1,2, 王平1,2, 张超1,2
1.天津中医药大学第一附属医院, 天津 300381;2.中医国家临床医学研究中心, 天津 300381;3.天津中医药大学第二附属医院, 天津 300250
摘要:
[目的] 观察电针对膝骨性关节炎(KOA)兔的治疗作用及褪黑素(MLT)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、蛋白激酶A(PKA)和cAMP响应元件结合蛋白(CREB)通路的影响,探讨电针治疗KOA的可能作用机制。[方法] 新西兰兔随机分为假手术组、模型组、治疗组,每组6只。通过采用传统Hulth法建立右膝KOA模型。治疗组电针刺激右侧“犊鼻”“内膝眼”“足三里”“血海”和“阳陵泉”,疏密波,频率为 6 Hz/15 Hz,强度 2 mA,20 min/次,1 次/d,连续治疗 28 d。干预后通过Lequesne MG评分评估3组新西兰兔行为学表现;苏木精-伊红(HE)及番红O-固绿法观察膝关节软骨组织的病理变化并进行Mankin’s评分;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血清中MLT含量、软骨中cAMP含量以及关节液中基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)的浓度;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测兔松果体中芳香族L-氨基酸N-乙酰转移酶(AANAT)、软骨中褪黑素受体1(MT1)、褪黑素受体2(MT2)的mRNA表达;蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测软骨细胞中PKA/CREB信号通路中蛋白的表达情况。[结果] 与假手术组比较,模型组的Lequesne MG及Mankin’s评分升高(P<0.001),MMP-13(P<0.001)、AANAT(P=0.073)及MT1(P=0.009)、MT2(P=0.011)含量均升高,而cAMP(P<0.001)、PKA(P<0.001)及CREB(P=0.004)的表达与MLT的浓度(P=0.002)降低。与模型组比较,治疗组Lequesne MG及Mankin’s评分降低(P<0.001),同时降低MMP-13的水平(P<0.001),增加MLT(P=0.014)、AANAT水平(P=0.024),以及MT1(P=0.004)、MT2(P<0.001)、cAMP(P<0.001)、PKA(P=0.045)及CREB(P=0.024)的表达。与假手术组相比,模型组的软骨细胞出现聚集、龟裂、排列不规则、潮线模糊,且软骨下骨组织裸露。与模型组相比,治疗组的软骨病理损伤程度减轻。[结论] 电针可以显著改善关节软骨的退变及膝关节疼痛,其机制可能与电针激活MLT/cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路有关。
关键词:  电针  膝骨性关节炎  褪黑素  环磷酸腺苷  蛋白激酶A  环磷酸腺苷响应元件结合蛋白  炎症
DOI:10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2026.04.10
分类号:R245.3
基金项目:天津市教委科研计划项目(2022KJ165,2023KJ152)。
Effects of electroacupuncture on cartilage damage and inflammatory response in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis by modulating the MLT/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway
HAN Jinchang1,2, YU Man3, ZHOU Xin1,2, YANG Guang1,2, FU Bifeng1,2, WANG Ping1,2, ZHANG Chao1,2
1.First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China;2.National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China;3.Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, China
Abstract:
[Objective] To observe the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on rabbits with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) and its effects on the melatonin(MLT),cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),protein kinase A(PKA),and cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) pathway,and to explore the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture in treating knee osteoarthritis. [Methods] New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,and treatment group,with 6 rabbits in each group. The right knee KOA model was established using the traditional Hulth method. In the treatment group,electroacupuncture was applied to the right “Dubi”(ST35),“Neixiyan”(EX-LE4),“Zusanli”(ST36),“Xuehai”(SP10),and “Yanglingquan”(GB34) acupoints with sparse-dense waves at a frequency of 6 Hz/15 Hz and intensity of 2 mA,20 min per session,once daily for 28 consecutive days. After intervention,the Lequesne MG score was used to assess the behavioral performance of the three groups. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Safranin O-Fast green staining were used to observe pathological changes in knee joint cartilage and to calculate the Mankin’s score. ELISA was used to determine the serum level of MLT,the cartilage content of cAMP,and the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13) in joint fluid. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase(AANAT) in the rabbit pineal gland,and of melatonin receptor 1(MT1) and melatonin receptor 2(MT2) in cartilage. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins in the PKA/CREB signaling pathway in chondrocytes. [Results] Compared with the sham operation group,the model group showed significantly higher Lequesne MG and Mankin’s scores(P<0.001),higher MMP-13 level(P<0.001),higher AANAT level(P=0.073),and higher MT1(P=0.009) and MT2(P=0.011) levels,while the expression of cAMP(P<0.001),PKA(P<0.001),and CREB(P=0.004) and the concentration of MLT(P=0.002) were decreased. Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed significantly lower Lequesne MG and Mankin’s scores(P<0.001),significantly decreased MMP-13 level(P<0.001),increased MLT(P=0.014) and AANAT(P=0.024) levels,and increased expression of MT1(P=0.004),MT2(P<0.001),cAMP(P<0.001),PKA(P=0.045),and CREB(P=0.024). Compared with the sham operation group,the model group exhibited chondrocyte aggregation,fissuring,irregular arrangement,blurred tide lines,and exposed subchondral bone tissue. Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed significantly reduced cartilage pathological damage. [Conclusion] Electroacupuncture can significantly improve articular cartilage degeneration and knee pain,and the mechanism may be related to activation of the MLT/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway by electroacupuncture.
Key words:  electroacupuncture  knee osteoarthritis  MLT  cAMP  PKA  CREB  inflammation
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