氮磷钾配比对丹参生长状况及其土壤养分含量的影响

Effects of the ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on growth and soil nutrient content of salvia miltiorrhiza

关键词:  丹参  配方施肥  养分吸收  土壤性质  指标性成分含量

Key words:  salvia miltiorrhiza  fertilization combination  nutrient absorption  soil properties  contents of index components

摘要:

[目的] 考察氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）配比水平对丹参生长、产量、品质、养分吸收和土壤性质的影响，为丹参规范化施肥提供技术支撑。[方法] 采用“3414”方案进行盆栽实验，测定不同N、P、K施肥配比对丹参生长、养分吸收、化学成分和土壤理化性质的影响。[结果] N₂P₁K₂处理，丹参产量最高，根直径、根长、地上部干质量、地下部干质量与对照组相比分别增加了74.15%、31.41%、278.54%、329.40%；施肥处理的土壤pH整体呈上升趋势，N₂P₁K₂处理水平，土壤中的速效成分铵态N、有效P、速效K含量分别增加了37.01%、17.26%、10.72%；同时处理组有效促进了丹参植物体内全N、全P和K营养元素的吸收，N₂P₁K₂处理促进根中3种元素增加了67.88%、18.62%、93.34%；N₂P₁K₂处理丹参酮类、丹酚酸B含量为3.33、51.45 mg/g，与对照组相比分别增加了26.05%、49.52%。[结论] 氮磷钾配比施肥能影响丹参各项生长指标和土壤营养状况，尤其能有效提高丹参的产量和有效成分含量。氮、磷、钾肥的最佳施用浓度为0.389 1、0.205 3、0.521 4 g/L，在丹参规模大田种植实践活动中有一定推广意义。

Abstract:

[Objective] To explore the effects of N,P and K ratio on the yield,quality,nutrient absorption and soil of salvia miltiorrhiza,and provide technical support for standardized fertilization of salvia miltiorrhiza.[Methods] Pot experiment was carried out with "3414" design to study the effects of different N,P and K fertilization treatments on the growth,nutrient absorption and content of medicinal ingredients of salvia miltiorrhiza and soil physiochemical properties.[Results] N₂P₁K₂ had the best growth,and the root diameter,root length,aboveground dry weight and underground dry weight increased by 74.15%,31.41%,278.54% and 329.40%,compared with the CK.Soil pH increased with the increased N,P and K fertilizers.In N₂P₁K₂,the contents of soil available N,P and K increased by 37.01%,17.26% and 10.72%,compared with the CK.The contents of total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were increased by 67.88%,18.62% and 93.34% under N₂P₁K₂ treatment compared with the CK.In N₂P₁K₂,the contents of tanshinone and salvianolic acid B were 3.33,51.45 mg/g,increased by 26.05%,49.52% compared with the CK.[Conclusion] N,P and K ratio can affect the growth index and soil nutrient status of salvia miltiorrhiza,especially can effectively improve the yield and active component content of medicinal materials.The best and recommended fertilization scheme of N,P and K is 0.389 1,0.205 3 and 0.521 4 g/L,which has a certain popularization significance in the large-scale field planting activities of salvia miltiorrhiza.