中医“魄”概念的本质研究及应用探讨

The essential research and application exploration of the concept of“Po”in traditional Chinese medicine

关键词:  魄  阴气  附形之灵  五神  生理功能  病理状态

Key words:  Po  yin qi  spirit of attachment  five emotions  physiological function  pathological status

摘要:

文章立足于中医“魄”概念，系统挖掘古今文献，尝试从“阴气化魄”“附形之灵”及“五神之魄”3个层面系统阐述中医“魄”概念的本质内涵，总结“魄”概念的本质要点为：魄源于阴气，有主静、向内的生理功能；魄为“附形之灵”，以“形体”为用，可“并精而出入”。“五神之魄”藏于肺，不仅是“肺主气，司呼吸，主治节”生理的高度概括，也是低级神经中枢精神思维活动调控的密码。由此，总结出“魄”的生理功能，即参与维持生物本能、参与调节肺之生理、主持人具有“向下、向内与安静”特点的精神心理活动。从3个层面，魄用过度、魄衰阴弱、魄机惑乱，简要阐述了“魄”用失常的病理状态、临床表现及治法用药，为“以魄为枢，从魄论治”疾病提供临床思路与方法。

Abstract:

This article is based on the concept of“Po”in traditional Chinese medicine，systematically excavating ancient and modern literature，and attempting to systematically explain the essential connotation of the concept of“Po”in traditional Chinese medicine from three levels：“yin qi transforming Po”“attached spirit”，and“Po of the five emotions”. The essential points of the concept of“Po” are summarized as follows：the Po originates from yin qi and has a physiological function of regulating stillness and inward movement. The Po is the“spirit attached to form”，using“form”as its purpose，and can“merge essence and enter and exit”. The Po of the Five Gods is hidden in the lungs，which is not only a high-level summary of the physiology of“lungs governing qi，regulating breathing，and governing joints”，but also a code for regulating the mental and thinking activities of the lower level central nervous system. From this， the physiological function of“Po”can be summarized，which involves participating in maintaining biological instincts，regulating the physiology of the lungs，and hosting mental and psychological activities that have the characteristics of“downward，inward，and quiet”. From three levels，this article briefly elaborates on the pathological state，clinical manifestations，and treatment methods and medication of abnormal use of the Po，including excessive use of the Po，weakened qi，and confusion of the Po mechanism. It provides clinical ideas and methods for treating mental and psychological diseases based on the Po as the core.