中药调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路防治胃癌研究进展

Advances in the study of traditional Chinese medicine regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer

关键词:  Wnt/β-连环蛋白  信号通路  胃癌  中医药  综述

Key words:  Wnt/β-catenin  signal pathway  gastric cancer  traditional Chinese medicine  review

摘要:

胃癌作为全球第5大常见恶性肿瘤，在中国形势尤为严峻。传统治疗方案如手术和放化疗存在局限性，晚期患者5年生存率不足30%，因此，寻求更为高效、安全的治疗策略成为肿瘤医学领域亟待解决的关键问题。近年研究发现，Wnt/β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）信号通路的异常激活与胃癌细胞增殖、转移等恶性行为直接相关。中医药在抗胃癌治疗中展现出独特优势，通过多途径、多机制、多通路协同作用，有效预防术后复发转移，减轻放化疗的不良反应，提高患者的生活质量，成为抗胃癌综合治疗体系中的关键步骤。诸多研究成果表明，萜类、多酚类、黄酮类、生物碱类、多糖复合物、菲醌类等中药活性成分，以及参芪抑瘤方、加味小陷胸汤、补正活血汤、四君子汤、摩罗丹等经典中药复方对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路展现出显著的调控效能，主要通过调节胃癌细胞自噬、抑制胃癌细胞凋亡、影响胃癌上皮间质转化、促进胃癌细胞耐药、驱动胃癌细胞周期全方位影响胃癌的发展和转归，成为抗胃癌研究的关键靶点。全面梳理并总结了近5年中医药抗胃癌的相关研究，聚焦于中医药调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路治疗胃癌的作用机制，旨在为临床抗胃癌新药研发提供新思路与参考依据。

Abstract:

Gastric cancer, as the fifth most common malignant tumor globally, presents an especially severe challenge in China. Traditional treatment approaches such as surgery and chemoradiotherapy have limitations, with the five-year survival rate for advanced patients remaining below 30%. Consequently, the pursuit of more effective and safer treatment strategies has become a critical issue urgently needing resolution in the field of oncology medicine. Recent studies have revealed that aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is directly associated with malignant behaviors in gastric cancer cells, including proliferation and metastasis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) demonstrates unique advantages in anti-gastric cancer treatment. Through synergistic actions on multiple pathways, mechanisms, and signaling routes, it effectively prevents postoperative recurrence and metastasis, mitigates the adverse effects of chemoradiotherapy, and improves patients'quality of life, becoming a crucial step in the comprehensive treatment system for gastric cancer. Numerous research findings indicate that TCM active ingredients, such as terpenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharide complexes, and phenanthraquinones, alongside classic TCM formulas like Shenqi Yiliu Formula, Jiawei Xiaoxianxiong Decoction, Buzheng Huoxue Decoction, Sijunzi Decoction, and Moluodan, exhibit significant regulatory effects on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. They primarily influence the development and progression of gastric cancer by modulating gastric cancer cell autophagy, inhibiting apoptosis, affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, regulating drug resistance, and driving the cell cycle, thereby emerging as key targets in anti-gastric cancer research. This article comprehensively reviews and summarizes relevant research on TCM in combating gastric cancer over the past five years, focusing on the mechanisms by which TCM regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to treat gastric cancer. The aim is to offer new perspectives and reference for the clinical development of novel anti-gastric cancer drugs.