气象节律视角下探析“脾主长夏”的涵义

On the meaning of “Spleen taking charge of later summer” from the perspective of meteorological rhythm

关键词:  脾主长夏  运气理论  气象节律  长夏季

Key words:  spleen taking charge of later summer  theory of yunqi  meteorological rhythm  season of late summer

摘要:

“脾主长夏”是《黄帝内经》中脾与岁时关系的一种概念，历年来各医家均对其中长夏季的起止时间说法不一，后人对此概念阐释甚少，不利后学。运气理论中的气象节律蕴含着丰富的季节特征，其中的土季与长夏季，气候特点十分接近，运用其发病规律对长夏季病邪特点及具体时间段进行分析，认为长夏季可由 1 个主体时间段和 2 个缓冲时间段组成。主体时间段由夏至开始，到处暑结束，整体上以湿邪为主，其中前一阶段为夏至到大暑时段，暑邪流行，后一阶段为大暑到处暑时段，风湿邪气流行；处于主体时间段前后的 2 个缓冲时间段（芒种到夏至、处暑到白露）均蕴含湿气，并对于长夏季主体起到承前启后的作用。

Abstract:

“Spleen taking charge of later summer” is a concept of the relationship between the spleen and the seasons in the Huangdi Neijing，over the years，various doctors have different opinions on the start and end time of the season of late summer，and later generations have little explanation on this concept，which is unfavorable for later generations. The meteorological rhythm in the Theory of yunqi contains abundant seasonal characteristics，in which the soil season and later summer，climate characteristics are very close，the pathogenic characteristics and specific periods of the season of late summer are analyzed by using its pathogenesis. It is considered that the later summer can be composed of one main period and two buffer periods. The main period starts from the Beginning of Summer and ends in the Limit of Heat. On the whole，dampness is the main pathogen. The first stage is from the Beginning of Summer to Great Heat and heat evil is prevalent，the latter stage is from Great Heat to the Limit of Heat and winddampness is prevalent；The two buffer periods before and after the main period（Grain in Ear to the Summer Solstice， the Limit of Heat to White Dew) contain moisture，and play a connecting role in the season of late summer.