线粒体能量代谢障碍及中药调控在抑郁症中的作用研究进展

Research progress on mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders and the role of traditional Chinese medicine regulation in depression

关键词:  抑郁症  线粒体  能量代谢  中药

Key words:  depression  mitochondrion  energy metabolism  traditional Chinese medicine

摘要:

抑郁症是一种常见的精神类疾病，发病机制复杂且尚未被完全阐明，尤其是患者常表现出的低动力症状难以通过单一机制完全解释。线粒体能量代谢障碍假说为理解低动力症状提供了新视角，而中药抗抑郁重在调和肝脾，其现代科学解释与调控线粒体功能密切相关。文章旨在综述线粒体能量代谢障碍在抑郁症病理损伤中的最新研究进展，并深入探讨中药调控线粒体能量代谢障碍抗抑郁的研究现状。通过梳理近5年的相关文献，研究发现重度抑郁症患者伴有显著的线粒体结构异常，且其能量代谢障碍与神经递质传递障碍、神经可塑性受损、氧化应激损伤和炎症反应的发生、微生物-肠-脑轴紊乱及神经元细胞死亡密切相关，是抑郁症发生和发展的关键因素。柴胡、白芍、姜黄等常用抗抑郁中药既可以直接修复线粒体结构和功能，又能间接调控线粒体能量代谢相关信号通路，但其药效物质基础与分子靶点有待进一步研究。文章期望为深化抑郁症发病机制的理解及开发以线粒体为靶点的创新治疗策略提供科学依据与参考。

Abstract:

Depression is a common mental illness with complex pathogenesis，while has not yet to be fully elucidated. Particularly，it is difficult to fully explain the low motivation symptoms often exhibited by patients through a single mechanism. The hypothesis of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders provides a new perspective to understand the symptoms of low motility. Traditional Chinese medicine exerts antidepressant effect by harmonizing the liver and spleen，and its modern scientific explanation are closely related to the regulation of mitochondrial function. This article aims to review the latest research progress on mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders in the pathological mechanism of depression，and to explore in depth the current research status of traditional Chinese medicine on regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders for antidepressant treatment. Through reviewing relevant literature from the past 5 years，we found that patients with major depression are accompanied by significant mitochondrial structural abnormalities. Moreover，mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders are closely related to neurotransmitter transmission disorders，impaired neuroplasticity，oxidative stress damage and inflammation，disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis，and neuronal cell death，and are key factors in the occurrence and development of depression. Commonly used antidepressant Chinese medicines such as Chaihu，Baishao，and Curcuma longa can directly repair mitochondrial structure and function，as well as indirectly affect mitochondrial energy metabolism. However，their pharmacological substance basis and molecular targets need to be further explored. This article aims to provide scientific basis and reference for deepening the understanding of the pathogenesis of depression and developing innovative treatment strategies targeting mitochondria.