光谱技术在中药快速检测领域的研究进展及应用

Research progress and applications of spectroscopic techniques in the rapid detection of traditional Chinese medicine

关键词:  光谱技术  中药快速检测  便携化设备  激光诱导击穿光谱  数据标准化  多模态技术融合

Key words:  spectroscopic techniques  rapid detection of traditional Chinese medicine  portable devices  laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy  data standardization  multimodal technology fusion

摘要:

光谱技术因其快速、无损、环保的特点，在中药快速检测领域得到了广泛关注。文章系统总结了近红外光谱、近红外高光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱和拉曼光谱的技术原理及其在中药检测中的应用现状，包括成分含量测定、产地识别、品质评估等方面的研究进展。文章还深入探讨了光谱技术在中药快检领域面临的主要挑战，如数据标准化不足、模型泛化能力有限、便携化设备性能与成本的平衡等问题。此外，针对这些挑战，提出了未来发展的潜在方向，包括数据共享与整合、多模态技术融合、智能化分析算法的应用，以及小型化与低成本光谱设备的研发。文章为推动光谱技术在中药快速检测中的进一步应用提供了理论参考与技术支持。

Abstract:

Spectroscopic techniques have gained widespread attention in the rapid detection of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） due to their characteristics of being fast，non-destructive，and environmentally friendly. This paper systematically summarizes the technical principles of near-infrared spectroscopy（NIRS），near-infrared hyperspectral imaging（NIR-HSI），laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy（LIBS），and Raman spectroscopy，as well as their current applications in TCM detection，including component content determination，origin identification，and quality evaluation. The article further explores the major challenges faced by spectroscopic techniques in the rapid detection of TCM，such as insufficient data standardization，limited model generalization capabilities，and the balance between performance and cost of portable devices. In response to these challenges，potential future directions are proposed，including data sharing and integration，multi-modal technology fusion，the application of intelligent analytical algorithms，and the development of miniaturized and low-cost spectroscopic devices. This paper provides theoretical references and technical support for promoting the further application of spectroscopic techniques in the rapid detection of TCM.