外泌体在肺部疾病诊断与治疗中的作用及中药干预策略研究

Investigating the role of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases，along with traditional Chinese medicine intervention strategies

关键词:  外泌体  肺部疾病  诊断  治疗  中药

Key words:  exosomes  lung diseases  diagnosis  treatment  traditional Chinese medicine

摘要:

外泌体作为细胞分泌的纳米级胞外囊泡，其表面和内部分布多种携带宿主信息的生物分子。作为细胞间通讯的重要介质，外泌体通过动态调控活性成分释放参与疾病进程，其全身性递送特性与中医整体观强调的“脏腑相关、形神统一”动态平衡机制高度契合。研究证实，外泌体在肺癌、急性肺损伤及慢性阻塞性肺病等疾病中具有双重作用：既可介导痰瘀毒邪扩散加重肺络损伤，又能传递修复信号促进气血调和，这一双向调节特性为肺部疾病诊疗提供了新策略。文章系统解析了外泌体生物发生机制、异质性特征及分离技术进展，重点论述其在肺部疾病分子诊断与治疗中的应用进展，并揭示了中药活性成分及复方通过调控外泌体改善治疗肺病的作用机制，为肺病中西医协同诊疗体系的创新构建提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Exosomes act as nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells with a variety of biomolecules carrying host information distributed on their surface and inside. As important mediators of intercellular communication，exosomes participate in the disease process by dynamically regulating the release of active ingredients. Its systemic delivery characteristics are highly compatible with the dynamic equilibrium mechanism emphasised by the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine，which is “correlation of internal organs，unity of form and spirit”. Research has confirmed that exosomes have a dual role in lung cancer，acute lung injury and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It can mediate the diffusion of phlegm and stasis toxins to aggravate lung injury，and also transmit repair signals to promote the regulation of qi and blood. This bi-directional regulation provides a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases. The article systematically analyses the mechanism of exosome biogenesis，heterogeneous characteristics and the progress of isolation technology，and focuses on its application in the molecular diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases，and reveals the mechanism of the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and the complexes to improve the treatment of lung diseases through the modulation of the exosomes，which will provide the theoretical basis for the construction of the innovation of the synergistic diagnostic and treatment system of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine for lung diseases.