中药调控内源性GLP-1分泌干预2型糖尿病的研究进展

Research progress on the intervention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by traditional Chinese medicine through regulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion

关键词:  中药活性成分  中药复方  2型糖尿病  胰高血糖素样肽-1  研究进展

Key words:  active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine  Chinese herbal compound formula  type 2 diabetes mellitus  glucagon-like peptide-1  research progress

摘要:

随着全球2型糖尿病（T2DM）患病率持续攀升及其年轻化趋势，开发安全、长效的降糖策略成为迫切需求。胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）作为一种调控血糖稳态的关键激素，因其葡萄糖依赖性降糖、减体质量及多器官保护作用成为治疗热点。中药凭借“多成分-多靶点”优势，通过调控内源性GLP-1分泌，在T2DM干预中展现出独特潜力。文章论述中药活性成分（如三萜类、生物碱类、黄酮类和多糖类）及经典复方（如白虎加人参汤、葛根芩连汤等）通过激活肠道L细胞、调节相关信号通路等促进GLP-1分泌的作用机制，并探讨其改善糖代谢、胰岛功能及肠道微环境的综合效应。尽管现有研究多为临床前实验阶段，中药在调控内源性GLP-1方面仍具广阔应用前景，基于此文章综述了中药通过激活内源性GLP-1分泌干预T2DM的研究进展。

Abstract:

With the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） continuing to rise and the trend of it affecting younger populations，there is an urgent need to develop safe and long-term glycemic control strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1），a key hormone in regulating glucose homeostasis，has become a therapeutic focus due to its glucose-dependent hypoglycemic effect，weight-reducing benefits，and protective effects on multiple organs. traditional Chinese medicine（TCM），leveraging its advantages of “multi-component and multi-target” action，demonstrates unique potential in intervening T2DM by modulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms by which active TCM ingredients（such as triterpenoids，alkaloids，flavonoids，and polysaccharides） and classic formulations（such as Baihu Jia Renshen Decoction，Gegen Qinlian Decoction） promote GLP-1 secretion—for instance，by activating intestinal L cells and modulating related signaling pathways. Their comprehensive effects on improving glucose metabolism，islet function，and the intestinal microenvironment are also discussed. Although current research remains largely at the preclinical stage，TCM shows broad application prospects in regulating endogenous GLP-1. Therefore，this review summarizes recent advances in TCM interventions for T2DM through the activation of endogenous GLP-1 secretion.