脂质代谢在类风湿关节炎发病和治疗中的研究进展

Research progress on lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

关键词:  类风湿关节炎  脂质代谢  代谢组学  适应性免疫  固有免疫  抗风湿药物  精准治疗

Key words:  rheumatoid arthritis  lipid metabolism  metabolomics  adaptive immunity  innate immunity  antirheumatic drugs  precision therapy

摘要:

类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种因免疫失调为驱动的系统性自身免疫病，异常活化的免疫细胞攻击自身组织，致使血管、关节等多种组织受损。脂质代谢通过调节炎症与免疫细胞的活化来驱动RA进展。基于脂质代谢组学的精准分析，脂质小分子的动态变化和潜在代谢途径得以揭示，使得笔者对RA患者全身的脂质代谢变化有了更深入的认识。详细了解RA疾病中免疫细胞与脂质代谢的互作机制，有望为RA开辟新的治疗途径，提供新颖、精准且针对性的治疗方案，打破慢性炎症循环的困局。因此文章系统总结了RA相关免疫细胞（T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞等）的脂质代谢失调机制，并紧密结合最新脂质代谢组学研究成果，深入探讨其在RA疾病治疗中的重要作用，旨在为RA的精准治疗提供新的思路和方向，推动RA治疗领域的创新发展。

Abstract:

Rheumatoid arthritis（RA） is a systemic autoimmune disease driven by immune dysregulation，in which aberrantly activated immune cells attack the body’s own tissues，resulting in damage to joints，blood vessels，and other structures. Lipid metabolism contributes to the progression of RA by modulating inflammatory responses and immune cell activation. Precise analysis based on lipid metabolomics can reveal the dynamic alterations of lipid molecules and their associated metabolic pathways，thereby providing a deeper understanding of the systemic changes in lipid metabolism in RA patients. A comprehensive elucidation of the interaction mechanisms between immune cells and lipid metabolism in RA holds promise for opening new therapeutic avenues，offering innovative，precise，and targeted treatment strategies to break the chronic inflammatory cycle. Therefore，this review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of lipid metabolism dysregulation in immune cells involved in RA（such as T cells，B cells，and macrophages）. By integrating the latest research findings from lipid metabolomics，it further discusses the significant role of lipid metabolism in the treatment of RA. The aim is to provide novel insights and directions for the precision therapy of RA and to promote innovation in the field of RA treatment.